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Intro to Aviation

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By Ahmad Ahsan
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Basic Mathematics

Ratio: Comparison of two numbers or quantitites Aspect ratio is the ratio of the length (or span) of an airfoil to its width (or chord). A typical aspect ratio for a commercial airliner might be 7:1 (or 7 to 1) Air-fuel ratio is the ratio of the weight of the air to the weight of fuel in the mixture being fed into the cylinders of a reciprocating engine. For example, a Click to edit Master subtitle style typical air-fuel ratio might be 14.3:1 (or 14.3 to 1).

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Basic Mathematics

Glide ratio is the ratio of the forward distance traveled to the vertical distance descended when an aircraft is operating without power. For example, if an aircraft descends 1,000 feet while it travels through the air for a distance of two linear miles (10,560 feet), it has a glide ratio of 10,560:1,000 which can be reduced to 10.56: 1 (or 10.56 to 1).

A small engine rated at 12 style Click to edit Master subtitle horsepower is found to be delivering only 10.75 horsepower. What is the motor efficiency expressed as a percent?

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Pressure

To calculate wing area, it will be necessary to know the meaning of the terms span and chord. The wingspan, S, is the length of the wing from wingtip to wingtip. The chord is the average width of the wing from leading edge to trailing edge. If the wing is Master subtitle style average width, Click to edit a tapered wing, the known as the mean chord (C), must be known to find the area. The formula for calculating wing area is: Area of a wing = Span Mean Chord Example: Find the area of a tapered wing whose 3/5/13 span is 50 feet and whose mean chord is 6'8"

Wing Area

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Aircraft Stability

Aircraft Stability is defined tendency of the airplane to return to a state of equilibrium after being disturbed. Static Stability The initial response that an airplane displays after its equilibrium is disrupted is referred to as its static stability. If the static stability is positive, the airplane will tend to return to its original position after the disruptive force is removed. If the static stability is negative, the airplane will continue to move away from its original position after the disruptive force is Click to edit Master subtitle style removed. If it is neutral, there will be no change in the direction or amplitude of motion.

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Aircraft Stability

Dynamic Stability The dynamic stability of an airplane refers to the amount of time it takes for and the oscillations involved as it tries to return to its original position or attitude.

Click to edit Master subtitle style Positive Neutral Negative

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Stall

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Flight Control Surfaces

What are the primary flight controls? Aileron Rudder Elevator

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Flight Control Surfaces

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