Common techniques and practices used in Basketball

Prepared by :

NIKHIL DHANKAR (A-37)

What is basketball?
Basketball ball game and team sport in which two

teams of five players try to score points by throwing or "shooting" a ball through the top of a basketball hoop while following a set of rules.

History
In December 1891, Canadian American

Dr. James Naismith, a physical education professor and instructor at the International (YMCA) (today, Springfield College) in USA),. he wrote the basic rules James incorporated these rules from a children's game called "Duck on a Rock", and he called the new game "Basket Ball". Used a peach basket

In contrast with modern basketball nets, this peach basket retained its bottom, and balls had to be retrieved manually after each "basket" or point scored; this proved inefficient, however, so the bottom of the basket was removed, allowing the balls to be poked out.

Continued.
Passing the ball was the primary means of ball movement. Dribbling was not part of the original game except for the "bounce pass" to

teammates. Dribbling was eventually introduced but limited by the asymmetric shape of early balls. Dribbling only became a major part of the game around the 1950s, as manufacturing improved the ball shape.
The first official game was played in the YMCA gymnasium in Albany, New

York on January 20, 1892 with nine players. By 18971898 teams of five became standard.

Equipment of the game

Basketball inflated ball used in the game of basketball. The

standard size of a basketball for men's competitive play is 29.5 inches in circumference; for women's competitive play, the circumference is 28.5 inches. Rock the ball
Basketball court the playing surface, consisting of a

rectangular floor with baskets at either end. In professional or organized basketball, especially when played indoors, it is usually made out of a hardwood, and highly polished.
Bench (1) Substitutes sitting on the sideline, (2) The bench

or chairs they sit on.

 Backboard The rectangular platform to which the basket is

attached, and measure 6 feet (182.9 cm) by 3.5 feet (106.7 cm). There is a backboard at each end of the court.
Basket steel rim 18 inches (45.7 cm) in diameter with an

attached net affixed to a backboard. There is a basket at each end of the court. Hoop - another name for "basket".
Shot clock A timer designed to increase the pace (and

subsequently, the score) by requiring the ball to either touch the rim or enter the basket before the timer expires, resulting in a loss of possession.

Positions
Basketball

position A player is generally described by the position (or positions) he or she plays, though the rules do not specify any positions. Primary positions Backcourt positions: Point guard has strong ball handling and passing skills and is typically used to run the offense. Shooting guard as the name implies, are generally the team's best shooters, and are very often the leading scorers on their teams.

 Frontcourt positions:
Center Centers are generally the tallest players on the

floor, responsible mainly for scoring, rebounding, and defense near the basket. Pivot Another name for center
Forward Forwards are primarily responsible for scoring

and rebounding. Power forward Power forwards typically play offensively with their backs to the basket and
Small forward Typically smaller and quicker than power

forwards, these players generally play on offense facing the basket, and very often attack the basket on offense. As with shooting guards, small forwards are often among their teams' leading scorers.

 Tweeners Tweener a player who is able to play two positions, but is

not ideally suited to play either position exclusively, so he/she is said to be in between. Tweeners include: Combo guard Combines the features of both point guard and shooting guard. Swingman A player capable of playing either shooting guard or small forward.
Cornerman

A player capable of playing either forward

position. Point forward A forward with strong ball handling and passing skills who can be called on to direct the team's offense.
Forward-center position for players who play power

forward and center, since these are usually the two biggest

Basketball positions
Guards 1. Point guard. Combo guard (PG/SG) 2. Shooting guard. Guardforward/Swingman (SG/SF) Forwards 3. Small forward...Stretch forward/Cornerman (SF/PF) 4. Power forwardPoint forward (PG/SF or PG/PF) Center 5. Center.Forward-center/Bigman (PF/C)

Strategy
With the game strategies also evolve. In the 1990s and early 2000s, teams played

with more "isolation". Nowadays, teams tend to play with more teamwork.
There are two main defensive strategies: zone defense and man-to-man defense.

In a zone defense, each player is assigned to guard a specific area of the court.

zone defenses are sometimes used in particular situations or simply to confuse the offense with an unexpected look. In a man-to-man defense, each defensive player guards a specific opponent. Man-to-man defense is generally preferred at higher levels of competition, as it is intuitively easier to understand and avoid mismatches between players who play different positions.

Strategy
Princeton offense an offensive strategy which emphasizes

constant motion, passing, back-door cuts, and disciplined teamwork. 1-3-1 defense/offense Box-and-one defense A combination defense in which four defenders play zone in a box formation and the fifth defender guards one player man-to-man. Continuity offense pattern of movement, cuts, screens and passes that eventually leads back to the starting formation, and repeats. Man-to-man defense A defense in which each player guards a single opposing player. See also zone defense. Motion offense Category of offense involving a series of cuts and screens to create the best possible shot, with most or all offensive players moving simultaneously.

 Nellie ball a fast-paced offense relying on smaller, more athletic

players who can outrun their opponents and make more threepoint attempts. Run and gun combined offense and defense in which the team applies constant full-court pressure, while moving the ball forward as quickly as possible and taking the first available shot, often a three-pointer. Shuffle offense Triangle offense An offensive strategy with the goal of exchanging three (sometimes all five) positions, creating spacing among players and allowing each one to pass to four teammates. Triangle and Two Defense Similar to a box-and-one, except that in this variation, three defenders (usually the frontcourt players) play zone in a triangular formation and the other two defenders (usually the guards) play man-to-man. Zone defense

Shooting
Shooting is the act of attempting to

score points by throwing the ball through the basket, methods varying with players and situations. Players often try to put a steady backspin on the ball to absorb its impact with the rim. Players may shoot directly into the basket or may use the backboard to redirect the ball into the basket.

Types of shots
The set-shot is taken from a standing position, with neither foot

leaving the floor, typically used for free throws, and in other circumstances.
The jump-shot is taken in mid-air, the ball released near the top of

the jump. This provides much greater power and range, and it also allows the player to elevate over the defender. Failure to release the ball before the feet return to the floor is considered a traveling violation.
Another common shot is called the lay-up. This shot requires the

player to be in motion toward the basket, and to "lay" the ball "up" and into the basket, typically off the backboard (the backboard-free, underhand version is called a finger roll).

 The most crowd-pleasing and typically highest-percentage accuracy

shot is the slam dunk, in which the player jumps very high and throws the ball downward, through the basket whilst touching it.
A back-shot is a shot taken when the player is facing away from the

basket, and may be shot with the dominant hand, or both; but there is a very low chance that the shot will be successful. A shot that misses both the rim and the backboard completely is referred to as an air-ball.

A particularly bad shot, or one that only hits the backboard, is called

a brick.

Rebounding
The objective of rebounding is to successfully gain

possession of the basketball after a missed field goal or free throw.

There are two categories of rebounds:
offensive rebounds: in which the ball is recovered by

the offensive side and does not change possession, and

defensive rebounds: in which the defending team

gains possession of the loose ball.

Thank You