Introduction To Cloud Computing

Introduction to Cloud Computing
2008-08
Liming Liu
www.cloudcomputingchina.com
liuliming2008@126.com
Content
 What is cloud computing
 Cloud computing discriminate
 Cloud computing technology
 Cloud computing products and market
Cloud Computing – new IT buzzword
 Cloud computing, at backside of this buzzword, is a concept like the
flower in the glass. Every enterprise and person, want to explain this
concept by their own benefits. But, if give a neutral definition to it, begin
it here.
Cloud computing definition
 Cloud computing is a resource delivery and usage model, it means get
resource (Hardware, software)via network "on-demand" and "at scale"
in a multi-tenant environment.. The network of providing resource is
called ‘Cloud’. The hardware resource in the ‘Cloud’ seems scalable
infinitely and can be used whenever.
Cloud computing and technology
 New advances in processors, virtualization technology, distributed
storage, broadband Internet access , automated management and
fast, inexpensive servers have all combined to make cloud computing
a compelling paradigm.This vast process power is usually got with a
distributed, large-scale server cluster and server virtualization
software.
Cloud computing impact
 As a result, cloud computing has the potential to upend the software
industry entirely, as applications are purchased, licensed and run over
the network instead of a user's desktop. This shift will put data centers
and their administrators at the center of the distributed network, as
processing power, electricity, bandwidth and storage are all managed
remotely. It affects not only business models, but the underlying
architecture of how we develop, deploy, run and deliver applications.
Content
Cloud computing’s brother
buzzwords
 Cloud computing is becoming one of the next industry buzz words. And
it has more or less relation with these words: grid computing, utility
computing, virtualization, server cluster, Dedicated server, Colocation.
Cloud computing infrastructure usually use virtualization technology,
and is built based on a server cluster, have nature relation to grid
computing and utility computing, and is use to compete with Dedicated
server and Colocation.
Utility computing
 Utility computing is a business model of providing computing resource ， user get and
use the computing resource from service provider and pay for practically used resource.
To say it simply, it is a price model based on resource usage quantity. The main benefit
of utility computing is better economics. Corporate data centers are notoriously
underutilized, with resources such as servers often idle 85 percent of the time. This is
due to overprovisioning — buying more hardware than is needed on average in order to
handle peaks (such as the opening of the Wall Street trading day or the holiday shopping
season), to handle expected future loads and to prepare for unanticipated surges in
demand. Utility computing allows companies to only pay for the computing resources
they need, when they need them.
Comparison of Utility Computing
and Cloud Computing
 Utility computing is a business model, it is a type of price model to deliver
application infrastructure resource. Cloud computing is a computing model,
relates to the way we design, build, deploy and run applications that operate in
a sharing resources and boasting the ability to dynamically grow, shrink and
self-heal. Utility computing is often need a cloud computing infrastructure, but
not must need. Sameness, above the cloud computing, we can adopt utility
computing, and, we can adopt other price model.
Cloud computing
Utility computing
Monitor
Meter
Billing
Pay
Distributed Computing
 Distributed computing deals with hardware and software systems containing
more than one processing element or storage element, concurrent processes,
or multiple programs, running under a loosely or tightly controlled regime.In
distributed computing ， a program is split up into parts that run
simultaneously on multiple computers communicating over a network.
Distributed computing is a form of parallel computing, but parallel computing is
most commonly used to describe program parts running simultaneously on
multiple processors in the same computer. Both types of processing require
dividing a program into parts that can run simultaneously, but distributed
programs often must deal with heterogeneous environments, network links of
varying latencies, and unpredictable failures in the network or the computers.
Grid computing
 Grid computing is a term for either of two broad subcategories of distributed computing: 1
Online computation or storage offered as a service supported by a pool of distributed
computing resources, also known as utility computing, on-demand computing, or
cloud computing. Data grids provide controlled sharing and management of large
amounts of distributed data, often used in combination with computational grids. 2 The
creation of a "virtual supercomputer" composed of a network of loosely-coupled
computers, acting in concert to perform very large tasks. This technology has been
applied to computationally-intensive scientific, mathematical, and academic problems
through volunteer computing, and it is used in commercial enterprises for such diverse
applications as drug discovery, economic forecasting, seismic analysis, and back-office
data processing in support of e-commerce and web services.
Difference between Cloudcomputing
and grid computing
 Grid computing emphasizes on resource sharing, every grid node can apply for resource from other
nodes, and every node should contribute resource to the grid. The focus of grid computing is on the
ability of moving a workload to the location of theneeded computing resources, which are mostly
remote and are readily available for use.Grids also require applications to conform to the grid
software interfaces.
 Cloud computing emphasize on proprietary, every user out of the cloud can get it’s own private
resource from the cloud, and the cloud resource are provided by the specific service provider, the
user need not contribute its resource. In a cloud environment, computing resouces, such as servers,
can be dynamically shaped or carved out from its underlying hardware infrastructure and made
available to a workload. In addition, while a cloud does support grid, a cloud can also support nongrid
environments,such as a three-tier Web architecture running traditional or Web 2.0 applications.
 Grid computing emphasizes on computing sensitive task, and is difficult to automated scale. Cloud
computing emphasizes on transactional application, a great amount of separate request, and can
scale automatically or semiautomatically.
Computer cluster
A computer cluster is a group of coupled computers that work together closely
so that in many respects they can be viewed as though they are a single
computer. The components of a cluster are commonly, but not always,
connected to each other through fast local area networks. Clusters are usually
deployed to improve performance and/or availability over that provided by a
single computer, while typically being much more cost-effective than single
computers of comparable speed or availability.[1]
Grids tend to be more loosely coupled, heterogeneous, and geographically
dispersed, grid computers do not fully trust each other.
Virtualization
 Virtualization is a broad term that refers to the abstraction of computer resources. Virtualization hides
the physical characteristics of computing resources from their users, be they applications, or
end users.[1] This includes making a single physical resource (such as a server, an operating system
, an application, or storage device) appear to function as multiple virtual resources; it can also include
making multiple physical resources (such as storage devices or servers) appear as a single virtual
resource.[2]
 Virtualization technology is a aggregative term of technical means and methods to implement
virtualization. It can be divided to many types based on objects: storage virtualization, computing
virtualization, network virtualization. Computing virtualization include ： OS level virtualization,
application level virtualization, hyper visor. Hypervisor include: host vm and guest vm.
Cloud computing break out
 Compared to its brother buzzwords, cloud computing is just beginning. Trends
in usage of the terms from Google searches shows Cloud Computing is a
relatively new term introduced in the past year. There has also been a decline
in general interest of Grid, Utility and Distributed computing.
 Cloud Computing and Virtualization are the next hot hosting platforms; the
Dedicated server term is slowly starting to lose ground vs. Virtualization and
Cloud Computing.
Content
What cloud computing means to
service provider?
 Fast Provision
 Reduce servers scale
 Increase resource utilization rate
 Improve management efficiency
 Lower maintenance cost
 Location of infrastructure in areas with lower costs of
real estate and electricity
 Provide business continuity service
 Improve management efficiency
 Improve service levels
 Complex architecture
 Change of business model and faith
What cloud computing means to
suers?
 Lower client workload
 Lower Total Cost Ownership
 Separation of infrastructure maintenance duties from
domain-specific application development
 Separation of application code from physical resources
 Not have to purchase assets for one-time or infrequent
intensive computing tasks
 Expand resource on-demand
 Make the application have high availability
 Quickly deploy application
 Pay per use
Cloud computing infrastructure
features
 Self-healing
 Multi-tenancy
 Virtualized
 Linearly Scalable
 Resource Monitor and measure
 Resource registration and discovery
architecture
The physical hardware layer is virtualized to provide a flexible adaptive platform to
improve resource utilization. The keys to new enterprise data center infrastructure
services are the next two layers, the virtualization environment and management
layer. The combination of these two layers ensure that resources in a data center
are efficiently managed and can be provisioned, deployed, and configured rapidly.
Difficulties for cloud computing
 Continuous high availability
 Cosistency
 Interoperability and standarlization
 Scalability of all components
 Data secrecy
 Legal and political problem of data store and
translation across regions
 Performance issue
 Difficulty customizing
 Organizational obstacle
Potencial issues in cloud
computing
 Privileged user access.
 Regulatory compliance.
 Data location.
 Data segregation.
 Recovery.
 Investigative support.
 Long-term viability.
Content
10 examples of entpereises using
the clouds
 The NY Times
Amazon EC2
 Nasdaq
Amazon S3
 Major League Baseball
Joyent
 ESPN
Rightscale using Amazon EC2
 Hasbro
Amazon EC2
 British Telecom
3Tera
 Taylor Woodrow
Google Apps
 CSS
Amazon EC2
 Activision
Amazon EC2
 Business Objects (A SAP Company)
Rightscale using Amazon EC2
Cloud computing market
Software as a service Everything is a service
Platform as a service
Infrastructure as a service
Cloud technology enabler
Hardware provider
tech&solution provider
 3Tera - AppLogic grid OS used as cloud computing platform by service
providers and enterprises
 Appistry - Cloud computing middleware - Enables easily scalable cloud
computing in the enterprise.
 Cassatt - Cassatt Active Response platform enables administrators to set
policies to power physical and virtual servers safely on and off and pool their
computing resources.
 CloudHan - Cloud tech and infrastructure consultant, in China.
 CloudScale Networks - Cloud enabler. Currently in private ALPHA only
 Enomaly Inc - Service Provider & Cloud Enabler - Developer of the Enomalism
Elastic Computing Platform & Elastic Drive
 Q-layer - provides software for data centers that enables cloud computing,
support VSAN, VLAN, VPDC, currently support VMware ESX.
 Skytap - IaaS service optimized for QA, Training, Demo, and Ops
Testing. Supports VMware, Xen hypervisors & Windows, Linux & Solaris OS
guests.
provider
 Agathon Group - Cloud provider. Services include highly available VPS, virtual
private datacenters and ready-to-use LAMP stacks. Self-service ordering.
Custom development and managed services available.
 Amazon Web Services - Amazon EC2/S3 (Hardware-a-a-S & Cloud Storage)
 CohesiveFT - CohesiveFT Elastic Server On-Demand
 ElasticHosts - UK-based instant, on-demand servers in the cloud
 Flexiscale - Another instant provisioner of web servers with some advanced
features like auto-scaling coming soon.
 GoGrid - instant, on-demand servers offering "control in the cloud". Deploy
Windows/Linux servers via web-interface in minutes
 GridLayer - Cloud Provider. A service by Layered Technologies that delivers
Virtual Private Datacenters and virtual private servers from grids of commodity
servers
 LayeredTechnologies - Cloud Provider. provider of on-demand hosting and
cloud and utility computing solutions through its brand GridLayer
 Mosso - Rackspace's cloud hosting service
 Newservers - Instant provisioning of web servers either Windows or Linux
Cloud computing Paas provider
 Bungee Connect - Provides end to end tools and systems required to
develop, deploy and host web applications (Platform as a Service)
 Coherence - Oracle Coherence Data Grid for EC2 and other cloud
platforms
 Force.com - Salesforce.com's application development platform
(PaaS)
 GigaSpaces - middleware for the cloud, "cloudware"
 Google AppEngine - (PaaS)Now support python
 Heroku - Ruby on Rails in their Cloud
 Qrimp - An AJAX based PaaS
 RightScale - RightScale provides a platform and expertise that enable
companies to create scalable web applications running on Amazon’s
Web Services that are reliable, easy to manage, and cost less
Service provider based on Cloud
computing
 CAM Solutions - SaaS Provider. Cloud Event
Management, Autonomics and Monitoring-as-a-
Service(TM)
 CloudStatus- CloudEnabler. Real-time performance
trending of cloud infrastructure (currently AWS).
 Kaavo's IMOD is an easy to use online application. Cloud
Computing Made Easy.
 Microsoft Mesh
 Nasstar - SaaS provider. Business grade Hosted Desktop
service, UK market leaders.
 Nirvanix - Cloud Storage
 TrustSaaS - uptime monitoring and alerting service ('SaaS
Weather Report') for Software as a Service (SaaS) run by
an independent third party
Cloud computing open source
projects
Infrastructure management projects ：
Enomalism, convirt, redhat genome,
hyperVM, lxlabs, LN, OpenNEbula,
reservoir-fp7,
scalr,eucalyptus,ganeti,gplhost ， ovirt
Useful open source projects to build cloud
platform :
Kenso, hyperic, virt-P2V 。
Thanks
Liming Liu
liuliming2008@126.com

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Introduction to Cloud Computing

Software as a service Everything is a service

Cloud technology enabler

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