By :Matab Nadim Ali Zaher Doha Thaer Shaima Nazer Mennatallah

Supervised by: Dr Hussein Sabit

The earth's "greenhouse effect" is what makes this planet suitable for life as we know it. A greenhouse gas is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range. The earth's atmosphere contains trace gases, some of which absorb heat. These gases (water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, and nitrous oxide) are referred to as "greenhouse gases .

In the Solar System, the atmospheres of Venus andMarsalso contain gases that cause greenhouse effects.

Greenhouse gases greatly affect the temperature of the Earth; without them, Earth's surface would average about 33 C (59 F)colder than at present

Greenhouse Gases

Carbon dioxide is one of the greenhouse gases. It consists of one carbon atom with an oxygen atom bonded to each side. When its atoms are bonded tightly together, the carbon dioxide molecule can absorb infrared radiation and the molecule starts to vibrate. Eventually, the vibrating molecule will emit the radiation again, and it will likely be absorbed by yet another greenhouse gas molecule. This absorption-emission-absorption cycle serves to keep the heat near the surface, effectively insulating the surface from the cold of space.

Carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, nitorus oxide, and a few other gases are greenhouse gases.

They all are molecules composed of more than two component atoms, bound loosely enough together to be able to vibrate with the absorption of heat.
The major components of the atmosphere are two-atom molecules too tightly bound together to vibrate and thus they do not absorb heat and contribute to the greenhouse effect.

Greenhouse Effect Atmospheric scientists first used the term 'greenhouse effect' in the early 1800s. At that time, it was used to describe the naturally occurring functions of trace gases in the atmosphere and did not have any negative connotations. It was not until the mid-1950s that the term greenhouse effect was coupled with concern over climate change.
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And in recent decades, we often hear about the greenhouse effect in somewhat negative terms. The negative concerns are related to the possible impacts of an enhanced greenhouse effect. It is important to remember that without the greenhouse effect, life on earth as we know it would not be possible

While the earth's temperature is dependent upon the greenhouse-like action of the atmosphere, the amount of heating and cooling are strongly influenced by several factors just as greenhouses are affected by various factors.
In the atmospheric greenhouse effect, the type of surface that sunlight first encounters is the most important factor. Forests, grasslands, ocean surfaces, ice caps, deserts, and cities all absorb, reflect, and radiate radiation differently.

Sunlight falling on a white glacier surface strongly reflects back into space, resulting in minimal heating of the surface and lower atmosphere. Sunlight falling on a dark desert soil is strongly absorbed, on the other hand, and contributes to significant heating of the surface and lower atmosphere. Cloud cover also affects greenhouse warming by both reducing the amount of solar radiation reaching the earth's surface and by reducing the amount of radiation energy emitted into space.

Sunlight falling on a dark desert soil is strongly absorbed, on the other hand, and contributes to significant heating of the surface and lower atmosphere. Cloud cover also affects greenhouse warming by both reducing the amount of solar radiation reaching the earth's surface and by reducing the amount of radiation energy emitted into space.

Scientists use the term albedo to define the percentage of solar energy reflected back by a surface.

Climate change is a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It may be a change in average weather conditions, or in the distribution of weather around the average conditions. Climate change is caused by factors that include oceanic processes such as oceanic circulation variations in solar radiation received by Earth .

human-induced alterations of the natural world; these latter effects are currently causing global worming and "climate change" is often used to describe humanspecific impact
Scientists actively work to understand past and future climate by using observations and theoretical models

borehole temperature profiles, ice cores, floral and faunal records, glacial and periglacial processes, stable isotope and other sediment analyses, and sea level records serve to provide a climate record that spans the geologic past.

More recent data are provided by the instrumental record. Physically based general circulation models are often used in theoretical approaches to match past climate data, make future projections, and link causes and effects in climate change.

Extreme flooding ,death from disease, intense storms damages homes and villages and causes deaths and disease

Droughts have adverse impacts on agriculture

Social disputes are caused by diminishing natural resources and the destruction of water supplies

If climate change goes unchecked, its effects will be catastrophic on the level of nuclear war. The security dimension will come increasingly to the forefront as countries begin to see falls in available resources and economic vitality, increased stress on their armed forces, greater instability in regions of strategic import, increases in ethnic rivalries, and a widening gap between rich and poor .

What level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere should the world community identify as a target. Who is responsible for the consequences of climate change. Who should pay for the damages .

Is it fair to prevent some countries from developing the way others have in the past.

We are all responsible for that

 We are interfering with the carbon cycle, releasing carbon from long-term storage by burning fossil fuels (oil, coal, natural gas) and adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere

 Everyone benefiting from the burning of fossil fuels is responsible Everyone involved in land clearing or benefiting from land use changes is a contributor How much we are responsible depends on our country of residence, lifestyle and consumption patterns, with the rich most responsible The poor will be the greatest victims of climate change, while contributing the least to the problem This is an ethical dilemma

National Carbon Dioxide Emissions Per Capita

Arctic Temperature Scenario 2090

Predicted decrease in Arctic Ocean ice cover

 Climate change may be the common threat that forces governments to work together in their collective interest. An ethical approach will be essential to convince all of us to act.
solve the problems that threaten future sustainability

Earth in danger
This is our world, Earth, it has given us a perfect medium home any living and non-living could ever have. Sadly, we don't appreciate what we have because we are killing it bit by bit. To stop this, we should recycle as much as possible. We try our best not to cut trees and instead grow more. We should also stop using fire when it's not in need. This also includes smoking cigarette, one of the useless source of producing carbon monoxide, the killer of the ozone layer, so we should stop people from producing it in any useless way. The human race won't last any much longer if we continue our daily bad habit of polluting the Earth in any way. OUR SURVIVAL IS ON OUR HANDS SO STOP READING THIS IF YOU ARE DOING ANY SOURCE OF POLLUTION AND DO WHATS RIGHT!!!

Q1: What are the most urgent environmental issues and problems in the world today? Energy Production. Transportation. Pollution. We Don't know what to do with waste. We think the current issue of global warming is the most urgent problem we are facing in the world. I recently read an article about how the Maldives are sinking because of the change in global warming. It's scary that a whole nation could be effected so literally. In the years to come, the Maldives may not be around anymore. Q2: What do you think are the central or most important reasons for these problems? The increase of human population Increase of the co2 in the atmosphere because of us . The wrong use of technology.

Q3: What is the evidence that global warming is occurring? the gap in the ozone layer is an evidence and Maldives sinking.

Q4: What is the evidence that humans are the cause of global warming? Scientists have found the strongest evidence to date that human activity-burning fossil fuel and cutting down forests--causes global warming. Robert K. Kaufmann, associate professor of geography at Boston University, and David I. Stern, research fellow at Australian National University, uncovered the evidence using statistical analysis. Their full report, "Evidence for Human Influence on Climate from Hemisphere Temperature Relations," will appear in Nature on July 3.

Q5: What are the consequences of global warming?

Thermal limits and ocean migrations of sockeye salmon is a long-term consequences of global warming.

Q6: Can we do anything about global warming? Strongly disagree Top 10 Things You Can Do to Reduce Global Warming 1. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle 2. Use Less Heat and Air Conditioning 3. Change a Light Bulb 4. Drive Less and Drive Smart 5. Buy Energy-Efficient Products 6. Use Less Hot Water 7. Use the "Off" Switch 8. Plant a Tree 9. Get a Report Card from Your Utility Company

Q7: Nature is just a source of resources for us. Strongly disagree Q8: The government should strictly regulate toxic waste. Agree Strongly disagree

Q9: We should make every effort possible to avoid infringing on the natural environment any more than we already have. Strongly disagree
Q10: We owe future generations a clean and safe environment. Strongly agree

Q11: We should not impose our environmental concerns on developing nations. Strongly disagree