SANS 10162-1 The structural use of steel, Part 1: Limitstate design of hot-rolled steelwork

1.3 Scope Standard applies unconditionally to steelwork in structures

5. Materials 5.1.5. Other materials- Bolts shall comply with requirements of SANS 2001:CS1

13 Members and Connection resistance- 13.12 Bolts

Section 22 Design and detailing of bolted connections- 22.1 General

Section 23 Installation and inspection of bolted joints

SANS 2001:CS1 4.1.5.Structural Fasteners Mechanical properties shall be in accordance with SANS 1700-5-1 (ISO 898-1) for class 10.9 bolts

Values given for classes 4.8 to 10.9 bolts, for design Values are taken from ISO 898-1

Deals primarily with class.4.8 and 10.0 S bolt assemblies complying with the relevant parts of SANS 1700, or equivalent fasteners

The bolts may or may not be required to be installed to a specified minimum tension, depending on the type of connection

Shall be in accordance with SANS 2001:CS1

SANS 1700-Part 5-Section1 adopted ISO 898- 1 in its entirety

Clause 4.5.3. High-strength friction -grip assemblies- class 8.8 S and 10.9 S Not applicable If applicable, SANS 10094 applies

SANS 2001:CS1 Clause 4.1.5.Structural Fasteners Mechanical properties shall be in accordance with SANS 1700-5-1 (ISO 898-1) for class 10.9 bolts

SANS 10094: 2005 The use of high-strength friction-grip bolts

Abstract: Covers the assembly and inspection of bolted friction-grip joints in structural steelwork

Deals exclusively with property class 8.8, 10.9 (high-strength), therefore contains instructions regarding avoidance of HE in Annex B

Annex B measures

Not directly applicable

Annex B: Hot-dip galvanizing of class 10.9 S bolts or fasteners is therefore used as a guide re avoidance of HE during galvanizing of class 10.9 bolts

Degrease in ~ 5 % caustic soda solution at ~ 65 C, followed by grit blasting (optional)

Rinse components, thereafter pickle in hydrochloric acid solution (6 % to 15 %), containing an inhibitor, for max. 15 minutes, agitate at least three times

Rinse components in water, flux and immerse into molten zinc

The DAV guidelines also contain the following aspects: Limiting the pickling time to 15 minutes maximum is emphasized - Pickling time 15 min max HCl concentration 8 to 15 % Use inhibitor Use grit blasting (optional) to limit pickling time

DIN 6914

Mechanical, physical properties, and chemical composition

Thread root geometry

Suitability testing and assembly lubrication

Surface discontinuities

ISO 898-1

DIN 13 Part 12 and 13; DIN ISO 965-1

None

ISO 26157-1 (through ISO 898-1) Allows laps

DIN EN 14399-4

Mechanical, physical properties, and chemical composition

Thread root geometry

Suitability testing for preloading, lubrication

Surface discontinuities

EN ISO 898-1

ISO 261; ISO 965-2

DIN EN 14399-2 for test method on bolt assembly, friction factor (k-factor) specified in DIN EN 14399-4

ISO 26157-1, Allows laps

EN ISO 898-1

Chemical composition, Table 2, Class 10.9

Mechanical and Physical Properties, Table 3, Class 10.9

Assembly Testing, Table 8

Surface discontinuities, Class 10.9, Clause 9.15

Carbon steel, or Carbon Steel with additives, or Alloy steel, delta ferrite allowed

Tensile Strength 1040 to 1220 Mpa Hardness 320 HV to 380 HV Surface Hardness 390 HV

Wedge loading in tension, a number of strength and ductility requirements are given

ISO 6157-1, Allows laps

DSV-GAV GUIDELINES

Chemical composition, Clause 3.2

Forming, Clause 3.2

Heat treatment, Clause 3.4

Mechanical properties, Clause 3.5

Galvanizing and pretreatment, Clause 3.6 and 3.7

Impurities are limited, Phosphorous and Sulfur, inclusions

Surface discontinuities, DIN EN 26157-3, rolling laps in root region not allowed

No delta ferrite or surface carburization

Max . Tensile Strength: 1170 MPa Max surface Hardness 375 HV 0.03

Several requirements

DIN 18800 Steel Structures

DIN 18800-1 Design and Construction

DIN 188007 Fabrication

5.2.2 Bolted Connections

Clause 4.2.1 Bolts shall conform to ISO 898 Part 1

Section 8.5 5.3 Fasteners Tightening of bolts that are not preloaded

Section 8.6 Tightening of preloaded bolted joints

Preloaded

Not Preloaded

High-strength bolt manufacturer to be directly responsible for hot-dip galvanizing

(see DSV guidelines)