Ancovaglm

An Interactive Tutorial for SPSS 10.
0 for Windows
Analysis of Covariance (GLM Approach)

Julia Hartman
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by
Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman
ANCOVA (GLM):
Introduction
Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) is used:
To assess the joint significance of predictors on a continuous outcome (GLM approach)

To generate prediction equations for various levels of a categorical predictor (regression approach)
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ANCOVA (GLM):
Introduction
This tutorial uses the General Linear Model (GLM) approach to ANCOVA to determine whether MCAT scores are significantly different among medical students who had different types of undergraduate majors, when adjusted for year of matriculation.
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ANCOVA (GLM):
Introduction
Dependent variable nmtot1: MCAT total (most recent) Fixed factor bmaj2: Undergraduate major 1 = Biology/Chemistry 2 = Other science/health 3 = Other Covariate matyr: Year of matriculation
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ANCOVA (GLM):
Starting the Procedure

In the menu, click Analyze
ANCOVA (GLM):

In the menu, click on Analyze
Point to General Linear Model
ANCOVA (GLM):


Point to Univariate
ANCOVA (GLM):


Point to Univariate
and click.
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ANCOVA (GLM):
Selecting Variables
Choose the variables for analysis from the list in the variable box.
For this tutorial, begin by scrolling down the variable list.
ANCOVA (GLM):
Selecting Variables
Point to the variable labeled Undergraduate
Major [bmaj2]
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ANCOVA (GLM):
Selecting Variables
Point to the variable labeled Undergraduate
Major [bmaj2]
and click.
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ANCOVA (GLM):
Selecting Variables
Move bmaj2, a categorical variable, to the box labeled Fixed Factor(s) by clicking the arrow.
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ANCOVA (GLM):
Selecting Variables
Scroll back up the list,
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ANCOVA (GLM):
Selecting Variables
Scroll back up the list, point to the variable nmtot1, which is labeled MCAT TOTAL
1992-PRESENT, MOST RECENT
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ANCOVA (GLM):
Selecting Variables
Scroll back up the list, point to the variable nmtot1, which is labeled MCAT TOTAL
1992-PRESENT, MOST RECENT
and click.
15
ANCOVA (GLM):
Selecting Variables
Move nmtot1, a continuous variable, to the box labeled
Dependent Variable
by clicking the arrow.
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ANCOVA (GLM):
Selecting Variables
Scroll to the top of the list
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ANCOVA (GLM):
Selecting Variables
Scroll to the top of the list, and click the variable matyr, which is labeled MATRICULATION DATE.
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ANCOVA (GLM):
Selecting Variables
Move matyr, another continuous variable, to the box labeled Covariate(s) by clicking the arrow.
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ANCOVA (GLM):
Profile Plots
Request profile plots of estimated marginal means by clicking the button labeled
Plots
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ANCOVA (GLM):
Profile Plots
This tutorial requests a profile plot of matyr*bmaj2.
Click matyr in the Factors box.
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ANCOVA (GLM):
Profile Plots
Move matyr to the Horizontal Axis box by clicking the arrow.
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ANCOVA (GLM):
Profile Plots
Now click bmaj2 in the Factors box
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ANCOVA (GLM):
Profile Plots
and move it to the Separate Lines box by clicking the arrow.
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ANCOVA (GLM):
Profile Plots
Click the Add button to request the plot.
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ANCOVA (GLM):
Profile Plots
Click the Continue button.
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ANCOVA (GLM):
Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons

To request post hoc tests for pairwise multiple comparisons, click the Post Hoc button.
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ANCOVA (GLM):

Comparisons are available for the categorical variable bmaj2 only. Click bmaj2 in the Factor(s) box.
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ANCOVA (GLM):
Move bmaj2 to the

Post Hoc Tests for:
box by clicking the arrow.
29
ANCOVA (GLM):

Request multiple comparison test(s) by clicking in the corresponding checkbox.
For this tutorial, click Bonferroni.
30
ANCOVA (GLM):

In SPSS, you can request as many multiple comparison tests as you want.
To continue the tutorial, click the Continue button.
31
ANCOVA (GLM):
Optional Descriptive Statistics
To display estimated marginal means, parameter estimates, and descriptive and diagnostic statistics, or to change the alpha level, click the Options button.
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ANCOVA (GLM):
Options: Estimated Marginal Means

You can request an overall (grand) marginal mean, as well as marginal means for the factors and the interaction(s). For this tutorial, click bmaj2.
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ANCOVA (GLM):
Options: Estimated Marginal Means
Click the arrow to move bmaj2 to the

Display Means for:
box.
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ANCOVA (GLM):
Selecting Options
Request other options by clicking the appropriate checkbox. In the Display area, click the checkbox for Descriptive statistics
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ANCOVA (GLM):
Selecting Options
and the one for
Homogeneity tests.
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ANCOVA (GLM):
Selecting Options
This tutorial uses no more options, so click the Continue button.
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ANCOVA (GLM):
Run the analysis
Click the OK button to run the ANCOVA (GLM).
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ANCOVA (GLM) Output:
General Information
The labels and format of your output may be somewhat different.
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ANCOVA (GLM) Output: :
Descriptive Statistics
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ANCOVA (GLM) Output: :
Descriptive Statistics (continued)
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Test of Equality of Error Variances
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Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
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Expected Mean Squares
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ANCOVA (GLM):
Estimated Marginal Means: Undergraduate Major
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ANCOVA (GLM):
Post Hoc Tests: Undergraduate Major
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ANCOVA (GLM):
Profile Plot: Gender*Resloc
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An Interactive Tutorial for SPSS 10.0 for Windows: ANCOVA (GLM)
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Repeat this tutorial
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An Interactive Tutorial for SPSS 10.

Analysis of Covariance (GLM Approach)

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman

To assess the joint significance of predictors on a continuous outcome (GLM approach)

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman

Starting the Procedure

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman

Starting the Procedure

Point to General Linear Model

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman

Starting the Procedure

Point to General Linear Model

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman

Starting the Procedure

Point to General Linear Model

For this tutorial, begin by scrolling down the variable list.

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman

by clicking the arrow.

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman

Move matyr to the Horizontal Axis box by clicking the arrow.

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman

Now click bmaj2 in the Factors box

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman

and move it to the Separate Lines box by clicking the arrow.

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman

Click the Add button to request the plot.

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman

Click the Continue button.

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman

Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman

Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman

Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons

Move bmaj2 to the

box by clicking the arrow.

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman

Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons

For this tutorial, click Bonferroni.

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman

Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons

To continue the tutorial, click the Continue button.

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman

Optional Descriptive Statistics

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman

Options: Estimated Marginal Means

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman

Options: Estimated Marginal Means

Click the arrow to move bmaj2 to the

Copyright 2000, Julia Hartman