A SEMINAR TOPIC ON

LANDMINE DETECTION USING

IMPULSE GROUND PENETRATING RADAR

Contents
> Introduction > Block diagram > Implementation > Applications > Advantages > Limitations > Future scope > Conclusion

Introduction > Around every 22 minutes one person some where in the world is killed or injured
by a land mine. > Nearly 50 million unexploded land mines in 60 countries around the world. > Large portions of land go unused due to fear of mines. > Modern mines can be constructed with plastics and composites.

Land mine

These are the Physical characteristics of Land Mine

Technology used to Detect the land mines:

> Metal detectors
> Nuclear magnetic resonance > Thermal imaging and electro optical sensors > Biological sensors > Chemical sensors

Biological sensor

Metal detectors

METHODS OF TECHNOLOGY

Block Diagram

Hardware description
> Impulse generator(GPR) > Antenna system > Pulse extender > A/D converter > Processor > Visual display

Ground Penetrating Radar: > The impulse GPR system has been developed in the International Research
Centre for Telecommunications Transmission and Radar(IRCTR). > This ultra wide band radar provide centimetere resolution to locate even small targets. > Two distinct types of GPR Time domain , Frequency domain. > Time domain or Impulse GPR transmits discrete pulses of nano sec duration and digitize the return at GHZ sample rate. > Frequency domain GPR system transmit single frequency & amplitude &phase of the return signal is measured.

Antenna System:
> The GPR system performance strongly depends on the antenna system.
> The antenna system consist of transmitter and receiver > The transmit antenna should : > Radiate Ultra-Wideband > Radiate Electro-magnetic energy

Pulse extender: > It will amplify the ground reflection signal upto the maximum level acquired A/D converter. > It amplify the samples of digital signals which are converted from analog signal.

A/D Converter:
> The transmitter sends out a series of EM pulses then listens with the receiver
connected to high speed samples which in-turn feeds to A/D converter. > This information is converted from nano sec to milli sec. > It provides 12 bit accuracy and 66dB linear dynamic range.

Processor:
> The processor filters the signals
> This signals shows presence or absence of surrogate mine in the soil. > Processor selects the mine detecting signal and passes to the visual display.

Visual display:
> It helps to see the range of targets.
> It displays the position of land mine.

Implementation: > The impulse generator produces 0.8ns monocycle pulse. > The generator spectrum covers a wide frequency band from 500MHZ on
3dB level. > After striking the mine, pulses return and are received by the receiver antenna.

[Cont..]

Applications
GPR has many applications in number of fields: > In case of Earth science it is used to study bedrocks ,soils , ground water and ice. > Engineering applications include non-destructive testing of structures and pavements, locating buried structures and studying of soils. > GPR is used to define landfills contaminant plums and other remediation sites. > Military uses include detection of mines ,unexploded ordnance and tunnels.

Advantages:
> GPR has accurate measurements.
> GPR locates even a small targets. > It has been well founded by the defense. > GPR operates by detecting the dielectric soils when allows it to locate even no metallic mines. > GPR has been tested in different environmental conditions.

Limitations:
> GPR is more power hungry
> Thus false alarms are easily generated from the background itself. > The sensors such as GPR are larger and heavier.

Future scope:
> Army mine fields is to measure detection probabilities under realistic conditions.
> Plans to speed up the scan rate with advanced arrays are under the way.

Development Platform Technological based development for land mine detection tends to be a vehicular based system this vehicular based system is shown

Development Platform

Conclusion
Impulse GPR system is used for detecting anti-tank and antipersonnel mines. Through iterative design, build test cycles, and scored testing at Army mine lanes, steady progress is being made.

THANK YOU