HEAT AND TEMPERATURE

Presented by: Mr.C.RANJITH, M.Sc. DMI St-Eugene University Chipata Campus, Zambia.

HEAT
heat is energy transferred from one body to another by thermal interactions. The transfer of energy can occur in a variety of the following ways : conduction radiation convection. Heat is not a property of a system or body, but instead is always associated with a process of some kind, and is synonymous with heat flow and heat transfer.

TEMPERATURE
Temperature is a physical quantity that indicates degrees of hot and cold on a numerical scale. It refers to states of matter or radiation in a local region. It is measured by a thermometer, which may be calibrated to a variety of temperature scales.

Understanding Heat Transfer, Conduction, Convection and Radiation

Heat Transfer
Heat always moves from a warmer place to a cooler place. Hot objects in a cooler room will cool to room temperature. Cold objects in a warmer room will heat up to room temperature.

Heat Transfer Methods

Heat transfers in three ways: Conduction Convection Radiation

Conduction
Heat is transferred through a material by being passed from one particle to the next Particles at the warm end move faster and this then causes the next particles to move faster and so on. In this way heat in an object travels from:
the HOT end the cold end

Conduction
When you heat a metal strip at one end, the heat travels to the other end.

As you heat the metal, the particles vibrate, these vibrations make the adjacent particles vibrate, and so on and so on, the vibrations are passed along the metal and so is the heat. We call this? Conduction

 Takes place in material where particles can move around inside the material, i.e. liquid or gas The heat is carried by the particles themselves moving Convection currents Occur because an area with warm particles expands and becomes less dense than the cooler areas nearby. The warm area rises. Cooler particles fall into the space left by the warm particles and convection current is set up

Convection

Water movement
Cools at the surface Convection current

Cooler water sinks

Hot water rises

Radiation
Transfer of heat directly form the source to the object by a wave, travelling as rays. Heat radiation is also known as INFRA-RED RADIATION All objects that are hotter than their surroundings give out heat as infra-red radiation Heat transfer by radiation does not need particles to occur and is the only way energy can be transferred across empty space

The third method of heat transfer

How does heat energy get from the Sun to the Earth?

There are no particles between the Sun and the Earth so it CANNOT travel by conduction or by convection.

RADIATION

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