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DEFINITION
According to American Materials Handling Society Materials handling is the art and science involving the movement, packing, and storing of substances in any form.
Material handling refers to the movement of materials from the tore room to the machine and from one machine to the next during the process of manufacture.
Reduction in Wastage of Machine Time. Reduction in Manufacturing Cycle Time. Avoid Disruption in Production Schedule. Safety and Safe Working Conditions. Customer Satisfaction. Enhances Productivity and Avoids High Cost.
Using the principles of containerization, unit load, aim at moving optimum number of pieces in one unit. Safe, standard, efficient, effective appropriate, flexible and proper-sized materials handling equipment should be selected. Employee mechanical aids in place of manual labour in order to speed up the material movements. Minimize the movement involved in a production operation. Changes in sequence of production operations may be suggested in order to minimize back-tracking and duplicate handling. Minimize the distances moved by adopting shortest routes.
Handling equipments arrangement should minimize distances moved by products and, at the same time, handling equipments should not interfere with the production line. Design containers, packages drums, etc. to economize handling and to reduce damage to the materials in transit. Utilize gravity for assisting materials movements wherever possible. Materials handling equipments should periodically be resorted to check ups, repairs and maintenance.
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Save Non-Value Added Time Reduces Wastage Less congestion Cost efficient Better Customer Services Good Housekeeping
2) Winches:
Winches are frequently used in loading heavy equipment in ships, construction equipments into building, and in similar jobs.
3) Hoists:
4) Elevators:
5) Cranes:
a)
Pillar Crane
c) Jib Crane:
d) Gantry Crane:
B) Transportating Devices
1)
7) Pipe Line
Spiral Chute
2) Monorails:
3) Lifts:
4) Trucks:
Pallet Truck
Crane Truck
5) Conveyors
Roller Conveyors
Belt Conveyor
Chain conveyor
Bucket Conveyor
Screw Conveyor
4) Storage Devices
1) Containers - Containers are most commonly used in manufacturing plants for in process materials handling applications. i. Welded Wire Containers
Low Maintenance Cost Compliance with safety standards Operational Environment Buffer Storage Effective Use of Operating Time Nature of Operations Engineering factors Equipment Reliability
There is a close connection between the concepts of plant layout and material handling. A good plant structure can ascertain the least material handling process and inexpensive material handling equipment. The material handling factors to be considered while designing the plant layout are: 1) Excessive material movement damages the materials and causes loss of valuable man-hours in shifting materials. A layout should be designed such that it suits the manufacturing requirement of the products and reduces the material handling to minimum. 2) If the workers are compelled to search through the entire workshop for a particular material, their productive time is bound to go wasted. For maximum utilization of their time the plant should be equipped with: a) Clearly identified and well-named functional areas. b) Distinct areas for raw materials, tools, work-in-process, inspection and finished goods.
3) For an effective and speedy movement of materials there should be an effective use of:
a) Bins, trolleys, racks and trays to keep materials instead of placing them on floors
b) Proper packaging techniques before dispatching c) Conveyors, chutes, inclined planes and gravity feed bins to automate, materials movement. 4) Public utilities should be located at easily accessible distances and should not require distant walks on part of the workers 5) Economical use of space should be aimed. Machines and equipments should be placed in such a way that there is a minimal or no wastage of space and yet there should be optimum choice for expansion. 6) Maximum opportunity for greater width of aisles, heights of ceilings and other areas of storage so the need of later alterations will be reduced
A good plant layout thus facilitates an efficient material handling system. It offers minimum material handling by making material movements shorter, faster and economical. Overcrowding is prevented. Delays in supplying are avoided due smooth manufacturing activity and hence it is generally desirable to adopt a good plant layout that facilities minimum handling.