THE CLASSICAL PERIOD

The primitive period

Uncritical accumulation of information derived from the necessities of obtaining food, materials for clothing

and shelter, substances to cure ailments and necessary information about human body

HIPOCRATES (460-377 BC) Father of medicine ARISTOTLE (384-322 BC)

3 TOPICS: Nature of life Natural history of animals Structure of animals

THEOPHRATUS (372-287 BC) Pioneer studies of the plants nature GALEN (130 BC-200 AD)

Began to study human anatomy and carried out the first physiological experiment on animals

THE RENAISSANCE 14th 16th CENTURIES Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)

Curiosity about the structure of living things Michelangelo (1475-1564)

Accurate studies in plant, animal and human anatomy. First biology textbooks

Otto Brunfels (14891534), Konrad von Gesner (1516-1565) and Leonhard Fuchs (1501-1566)

Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)

Text: The structure of Human Body)

William Harvey (1578-1657) Discovery the bloods circulation Andrea Cesalpino (1519-1603)

Francesco Redi (1626-1697) Taxonomy John Ray (1627-1705)

Disproved the spontaneous origin of life from non living matter Lazaro Spallanzani

Explored the unicellular organisms, protozoology and

Anton van Leeuwenhoek (16321723)

Robert Hooke (1635-1703) Discovery the cellular nature of cork and to whom we owe the term cell

Matthais Schleiden (1804-1881) Theodor Schwann (1810-1882)

Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) Systematic classification of all kind of living plants and animals

System of nomenclature in which all living things are arranged by genera and species

Jean Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) The term Biology Use and disuse theory of evolution, by which he tried

to show that physical characteristics acquired during the life of an individual could be passed on to its offspring

Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Proposed natural selection as an explanation of the mechanism by which

evolutionary changes take place MODERN BIOLOGY 17th CENTURY 19th CENTURY

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) Modern bacteriology Claude Bernard (1813-1878)

Johannes Mller (1801-1858) Experimental and comparative physiology

Karl von Baer (1792-1876) Comparative embriology Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)

Initiated the study of genetics with his classic experiment on plants

Hugo de Vries (1848-1935) Mutation theory E.H. Starling (18661927)

Knowledge of hormones increased

Thomas Hunt Morgan (1866-1945) Concept of gene and carrier in inherited traits (Nobel Prize)

H.C. Cowles (18691939) F.E. Clements (18741945) V.E. Sheiford (1877- )

Modern basis of ecology Ernest Haeckel (1834-1919) Ecolgy came into existence. Stated

that an organism was the product of the interaction of its enviroment with heredity factors

H.J. Muller (18901967) First to show that mutations could be artificially induced by radiation (Nobel Prize)

George Beadle (1903Edward Tatum (1903-

Studied the relation between genes and metabolism

20th CENTURY