Analysis of Compressors

P M V Subbarao
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department


Active Devices for Infusion of Life into Fluid.
Classification of Compressors
Rotodynamic Compressors


Positive Displacement
of Compressors


}
vdp
}
pdv
Centrifugal
Compressors
Mixed
Compressors
Axial
Compressors
Reciprocating
Compressors
Rotory
Compressors
Centrifugal Vs Axial : Flow Area
Centrifugal Vs Axial : Level of interaction
In search of Time scale in Requirement
Primary characteristics of a requirement.
The effect: Ap
The Capacity: Flow Rate Q (m
3
/s).
Density of fluid: (kg/m
3
).
Machine-Fluid Matching Parameter:
( ) : , p Q f A = H
For compressible fluid machines
( )
k
j
i
p Q A = H
j
i
m
kg
s m
kg
s
m
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|
= H
3
2
3
.
j
i
p
Q
|
|
.
|

\
| A
= H

j i
s
m
s
m
|
|
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|
= H
2
2 3
2
3
2
2 3

|
|
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|
= H
s
m
s
m
i
Take j = -3/2
|
|
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|
= H

3
3 3
s
m
s
m
i
Take i = 1/2 & j = -3/4
4
3
2
2
2
1
3

|
|
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|
= H
s
m
s
m
( )
4
3
2
1

|
|
.
|

\
| A
= H

p
Q
4
3
|
.
|

\
|
A
= H

p
Q
2
3
2
3
2
1
2
3

= H
s
m
s
m
Time Scale of a Machine to Resource
Speed: N (rpm) or n (rps)
Scale Time Machine
Scale Time t Requiremen
scale time ess Dimensionl =
n
1
scale time Dimension - Non
H
=
This is named as Specific Speed, N
s
4
3
|
.
|

\
|
A
=

p
m
n
N
s

4
3
|
.
|

\
|
A
= H

p
Q
4
3
|
.
|

\
|
A
=

p
m n
N
s

Centrifugal
Axial
Mixed
Role of specific Speed on Design of A Compressor
Centrifugal Compressors
The centrifugal compressor consists
essentially of a stationary casing containing
a rotating impeller which imparts a high
velocity to the air, and
A number of diverging passages (Diffuser)
in which the air is decelerated with a
consequent rise in static pressure.
Air is sucked into the impeller eye and
whirled round at high speed by the vanes
on the impeller disc.
Centripetal acceleration leads to increase in
rise of some amount of static pressure.
The remaining increase in rise of pressure
occurs in diffuser.
Multi Stage Compressors
ImpellerDiffuser :Rotor-Stator
Anatomy of A Centrifugal
Compressors
V
r1

V
w2
= U
tip

V
f2
=V
r2
V
a2

b
1

Gas Dynamics of A Perfect Impeller
V
f1
=V
a1

U
eye

V
w1
=0
V
r1

V
f1
=V
a1

V
w2

V
w2

V
r2

V
r2
V
a2

V
a2

V
f2

b
1

Reality of Fluid Mechanics
b
2