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16 weathersattelites
850 km
36000 km
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Polar satellites make an image of a path over the surface from S-N or from N-S.
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Geostationair satellite height 36.000 km* less sharp; circles in 24 hours stationairy to earth => each 15 minutes picture from same area Stays above SAME point
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Infrared / visible
Infrared measures temperature of top of cloud or, if no clouds are present, temperature of surface of the earth
advantage : day and night information disadvantage : fog or low clouds not or hardly visible due to more or less the same temperature top
all is visible
only at daytime
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IR
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VIS
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GOES-10
GOES-12
Met-7
Met-5
GOES-09
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WX RADAR Radar: Radio Detection And Ranging to locate precipitation calculate its motion estimate its type (rain, snow, hail, etc..) estimate its intensity used to nowcast* precipetation
High Resolution Doppler radar: to detect the motion of rain drops and by motion calculate windshear !!!
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Flight documentation:
3X*
3) Tafs and Metars (for Destination, Alternates, and Enroute stations) + Sigmets
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SWC: Significant Weather Chart Significant: Potentially hazardous, bringing safety problems or otherwise making a flight difficult. SWCs are forecasts !!! The WX and symbols are forecasted AT THE VALIDITY TIME of the SWC and are used 3 hrs before and 3 hrs after that time!
DE SIGNIFICANT WEATHER CHART ( SWC ) (1) De door ons meest gebruikte SWC is een fixed time prognosis geldig tussen FL100 en FL450
Daarin worden de volgende items weergegeven : Actieve onweders Tropische cyclonen Severe line squalls Matige of zware turbulentie in wolken Matige tot zware ijsafzetting Hagel Uitgestrekte gebieden met zand-of stofstormen (wordt vervolgd)
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DE SIGNIFICANT WEATHER CHART ( SWC ) (2) Daarin worden de volgende items weergegeven (vervolg) Bewolkingsgebieden met hoeveelheden en basis- en tophoogtes die bij de verschijnselen A t/m G behoren CAT-gebieden met zwaarte en hoogtes CB's met basis- en tophoogtes Posities aan het aardoppervlak van fronten en duidelijke convergentie-zones, eventueel met hun verplaatsingssnelheid Ze mogen alleen ingetekend worden als ze gepaard gaan met significante weersverschijnselen Het 00 C-niveau Posities, hoogtes, windsnelheden en -richtingen van straalstroomkernen Tropopause hoogtes
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k e n n e n
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Ook kennen!
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LOW LEVEL SWC (SFC-10.000 ft) From LFBD to EHAM FL070 1) Mod ice/ mod turb 2) Mod ice/ ??? 3) ??
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SYMBOLEN OP DE SWC
TEKEN WEERBEELD THUNDERSTORMS TROPICAL CYCLONE SEVERE SQUALL LINE MODERATE TURBULENCE SEVERE TURBULENCE MOUNTAIN WAVES SLIGHT AIRCRAFT ICING MODERATE AIRCRAFT ICING SEVERE AIRCRAFT ICING WIDESPREAD FOG HAIL COLDFRONT AT THE SFC OCCLUDED FRONT AT SFC CONVERGENCE ZONE
H 460
KENNEN
WEERBEELD DRIZZLE RAIN SNOW SHOWER WIDESPREAD BLOWING SNOW SEVERE SAND- OR DUSTHAZE WIDESPREAD SAND- OR DUSTSTORM WIDESPREAD HAZE WIDESPREAD MIST WIDESPREAD SMOKE FREEZING PRECIPITATION WARMFRONT AT THE SURFACE QUASI STATIONARY FRONT AT SFC ITCZ
270 L
TEKEN
TROPOPAUSE LOW FREEZING LEVEL POSITION, SPEED AND LEVEL OF MAX. WIND VOLCANIC ERUPTION
360
0: 100
Hoogtescheidingsteken
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Validity time
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Fixed time prognoses van de standaard-drukvlakken waarin de windvaantjes en temperaturen zijn geplot
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Upper Wind and Temperature Chart Flying non standard levels: 1) Wind, Interpolate between levels 2) Temp, Interpolate between levels: 2C / 1000 ft !!!!!! (ISA) MIND THE TROPOPAUSE.!!!!!* Above the Trop the T change is 0
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Level
Validity
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UW-T CHART VOOR DE ATLANTISCHE OCEAAN NAT kaarten (North Atlantic Tracks)
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Volgende dia
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From Lisbon to Reykjavik via Cork EICK-BIRK on FL110 Light/mod turb and ice
Volgende dia
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Aalborg- Bodo
FL150 Light mod ice in cld
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