Ionic Bonds

Chemistry Mrs. Coyle

Part A:
Ions

Lewis Dot Structure

Stable Octet (or Duet)

The Periodic Table and Atomic Radius

Valence Electrons
Valence electrons are the electrons in the

highest occupied energy level of the atom.

Valence electrons are the only electrons

generally involved in bond formation.

Electron Configuration of Sodium

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1

Which is the valence electron for Na?

Answer: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1

Na , 11 e

Na + , 10e

A Positive Ion (Cation):

An atom that has lost one or more electrons.

+ charge

Electron Dot Structure or Lewis Dot Diagram

A notation showing the valence electrons surrounding the atomic symbol.

Elements within the same group have the same electron-dot structure.

A Negative Ion (Anion)

An atom that has gained one or more

electrons. Negatively (-) charged.

Chlorine Atom Chlorine Ion

Check your Neighbor

When Na, (Z= 11) loses its valence electron, what element does its configuration look like ?
a. b.

c.
d.

Neon Potassium Beryllium Sodium

Check your Neighbor

When Na, (Z= 11) loses its valence electron, what element does its configuration look like ?
a. b.

c.
d.

Neon Potassium Beryllium Sodium

A Stable Octet
When the valence shell is full, the atom is stable, less likely to react.

Example: Noble (Inert Gases)

Kr

Note
Atoms tend to react in a way that would lead

them to have a stable octet.

Part B:
Equations for Formation of Ions and Naming

Ions
Ionic Bonds and Ionic Compounds

Equations for the Formation of Cations

. H . Li Mg: H+ Li+ Mg2+ + e+ e+ 2e-

Equations for the Formation of Anions

.
:F:
..

..
+ e- : F -

..

Naming cations (+).

Use the name of the metal. Example: Na+ Sodium ion.

Naming Anions(-)
Use the name of the nonmetal with the

ending ide.
Example: F-

Fluoride

Ionic Compounds
Are made up of:

a metal and a nonmetal ion. polyatomic ions.

Naming Ionic Compounds, a First Look

Example:

NaF Sodium Fluoride

Example:
Which of the following compounds are ionic?
1. 2.

3.
4. 5.

NaCl CO2 CO KF KNO3

Some Common Ions

Bonding
Elements that do not have a complete octet,

tend to react. When the elements react bonds are formed.

Types of Bonds
Ionic

Metallic
Covalent

Ionic Bonds
Bonds that are formed by transfer of

electrons from one element to the other.

Each element (now an ion) will have a

complete octet after the transfer of electrons.

The Ionic Bond

The electrical force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Na+

Example: Formation of Lithium Fluoride

.
. Li +

..
Li+

:F:
..

F-

..

Is an Ionic Compound Electrically Neutral or Charged?

Movie Clip
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kj3o0XvhV

qQ&NR=1

Chemical Formula
A representation of the kinds and number of

atoms in a substance.

Formula Unit
A chemical formula that shows the

lowest whole number ratio of the atoms (ions) in an ionic compound.

Example: KCl,

Mg Cl2

The formula unit is used because ionic compounds have a lattice arrangement of ions. Ex: NaCl
Which ball

represents the Na?