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. BASIC COMPETENCE Determining the tangent equation of a circle in any situations. Indicators
Determining tangent equation of a circle where the centre point is O(0,0) and the radius is r through a point T(x1,y1) on a circle. Determining tangent equation of a circle where the centre point is A(a,b) and the radius is r through a point T(x1,y1) on a circle. Determining the tangent equation of a circle x2+y2+Ax+By+C=r2 through a point on the circle T(x1,y1)
CIRCLE EQUATION
Centre O(0,0) and radius r Centre A(a,b) and radius r General Form of a Circle Equation
Line Equation Ax by C 0
Gradient of the line is A/B For a line passes through 2 points P ( x1 , y1 ) and R( x2 , y2 ) Gradient of the line is
y2 y1 x2 x1
y y1 m( x x1 )
y y1 x x1 y2 y1 x2 x1
Equation of the line which passes through the points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2)
Parallel
Gradient of both
Perpendicular
If line g and line h
perpendicular,
then:
mg mh
mg .mh 1
CIRCLE EQUATION
x2 y2 r 2
Circle Equation where the centre is O(0,0) and having
radius r.
( x a ) 2 ( y b) 2 r 2
Circle Equation where the centre is A(a,b) and having radius r.
x 2 y 2 Ax By C 0
General Form of Circle Equation
y
L x2 y2 r 2
Tangent Line T ( x1 , y1 )
r
y1
g
x1
x
O (0,0)
STEPS Write the general equation of the line Substitute gradient of the tangent line g (mg) into m1 Multiply both sides by y1 Expand both parts of equation Collect the variable in quadratic form in right side and the others in the left side Remember that x2+y2= r2
EQUATIONS
y y1 m1 ( x x1 )
y y1 x1 ( x x1 ) y1
y1 ( y y1 ) x1 ( x x1 )
y1 y y1 x1 x x1
2
x1 x y1 y x1 y1
2
x1 x y1 y r 2
y
Tangent Line T ( x1 , y1 )
r
y1
A(a, b)
g
O
a
x1
STEPS
Write the general equation of the line Substitute gradient of the tangent line g (mg) into m1 Multiply both sides by (y1-b) Expand both sides by multiply all variables.
EQUATION
y y1 m1 ( x x1 )
y y1 x1 a ( x x1 ) y1 b
( y1 b) y y1 ( x1 a)( x x1 )
y1 y y1 by by1 x1 x x1 ax ax1
2 2
Move -x1x and ax to the right side and move -y12 and by to the left side.
x1 x y1 y ax by x1 y1 ax1 by1
2 2
( x a ) 2 ( y b) 2 r 2
( x1 a)( x a) ( y1 b)( y b) r
y
y1
1 B 2
1 L( 1 A , 2 2 B)
T ( x1 , y1 ) Tangent Line
1 A 2
x1
STEPS
Write the general equation of the line Substitute gradient of the tangent line g (mg) into m1 Multiply both sides by (y1+b) Expand both parts of
EQUATIONS
y y1 m1 ( x x1 )
x1 1 2 A y y1 ( x x1 ) 1 y1 2 B
1 ( y1 1 B )( y y ) ( x 1 1 2 2 A)( x x1 )
equations
1 1 x1 x y1 y A( x x1 ) B y y1 C 0 2 2