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R. Jedermann and W. Lang The benefits of embedded intelligence Tasks and applications for ubiquitous computing in logistics
Institute for Microsensors, -Actors and Systems Microsystems Center Bremen University of Bremen
Introduction
Measurement system provides only information to server
Embedded / ubiquitous
Which share of the system intelligence can be shifted into the network?
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Outline
Autonomous control means that intelligent objects make decisions on their own. Parcels, vehicles or transport orders are represented by individual software programs or agents.
Intelligent objects
Executes decisions of central server Observes its environment Change transport route Swap vehicle by own decision
Maximum freedom
Object representation
Various system layers can provide a platform for embedded intelligence. The costs for additional computation power are low in relation to the basic hardware costs
Hardware Layers
PC / Server
Passive RFID:
Access only offline during gate passage Limited range (~3 m)
Information should be sent over the shortest path from source to sink. Implementing the decision system on the wrong hardware layer could even increase the communication volume.
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Server
Vehicle Location
RFID Reader Vehicle Processor Driver executes decision
Information Processing
Intelligent parcel
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The supervision of perishable goods creates a different communication setting: The high data volume by freight temperature measurements requires local pre-processing.
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Intelligent Container
Transport Coordination
Wireless Sensors
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CCG Holding AG
CCG FRA Rungis Express
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Splitting the planning system into embedded units could largely reduce communication. But embedded systems cannot decide from a birds-view perspective.
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Splitting the route planning process Example: Truck autonomously adapts a round trip to deliver sensitive parcels to multiple costumers Split Planning: Remote server suggests round trip, truck decides to go clockwise or count clockwise and where to start
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1
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1
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* * *
Starting Point
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*
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Current Position
Continue counter clock wise
0
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First planning step Shortest round trip through remaining towns Some decision alternatives
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* *
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Local Route Planning Reduced information: Vehicle receives only a limited number of route suggestions Truck evaluates the suggestions by internal quality information
Deliver packages with low remaining shelf life first Maximize the number of deliveries in proper quality state Server Route planning
Round trip
Traffic Information
Route suggestions
Route request
Wireless Sensors
Vehicle Processor
(Bird view)
Vehicle planning
(Local view)
Repeated vehicle planning Unchanged route
Automated evaluation of temperature charts is even feasible inside the hardware of semi-passive RFID labels.
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T (C)
10 20 30
0 0
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Tomato Green Q0(15C)=14.95 Tomato Red Q0(15C)=8.77 Tomato Pink Q0(15C)=13.83 Papaya Q0(15C)=23.45 Beans Q0(15C)=3.29
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Temperature in C
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Available energy Very small additional recourses compared to circuit of data logger Shelf life model can run by paper thin batteries Finished project: HF-Tag for Measurement of pressure
SFB 637 Autonomous cooperation logistic processes
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If warehouse management is organized by actual shelf life instead of fixed expiration dates, the average quality could be increased and losses reduced.
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0 1
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2 5
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91.7% 53 %
36.7%
(rejected) (25%)
(13.3%)
10%
(10%)
(remote stores)
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Summary
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www.intelligentcontainer.com
Contact address
Dipl.-Ing. Reiner Jedermann Universitt Bremen, FB1 (IMSAS), Otto-Hahn-Allee NW1, D-28359 Bremen, GERMANY Phone +49 421 218 4908, Fax +49 421 218 4774 rjedermann@imsas.uni-bremen.de
SFB 637 Autonomous cooperation logistic processes
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