String s1=LD; - one object String s1=new String(LD) two objects Immutability Cannot change string object

P1 String b=yash; b.toUppercase(); System.out.println(b); P2 b=b.toUppercase(); System.out.println(b);

yash

b
YASH

String s1=Yash + 3+2; 4 objects are created (i) Yash (ii) 3 (iii)2 (iv)Yash32 S1=Yash32

Yash

Yash32

String s1=3+2+LD
Ans : s1=5LD String s1=3+2+LD+4+5; Ans : s1=5LD45

When u want string from other datatype u can use this method For eg:String s1=String.valueOf(12); s1=12; String s2=String.valueOf(12.2); s2=12.2 String s3=String.valueOf(true); s3=true

Equals takes into consideration the case While equalIgnoreCase does not take into consideration the case String s1=yash; String s2=Yash; If(s1.equals(s2)){ }

Objects cannot be compared with == Can be compared with equals method if that object overrides equals method of Object class Only two String literals can be compared with == but not String objects Program

String s1=Hello; String s2=Hello Is s1==s2 true ?

String s1=Hello; String s2=new String(s1); Is s1==s2 true ?

For Sorting Purpose Returns < 0 if invoking string is less Returns > 0 if invoking string is more Returns == 0 if invoking string is equal to other String Apple.compareTo(Banana) <0 Banana.compareTo(Apple) >0 S1.compareTo(s2);

Boolean StartsWith(String str) Eg. FooBar.StartsWith(Foo) // returns true Boolean endsWith(Bar) Eg . FooBar.EndsWith(Bar) // returns true

CharAt(int location) For eg. S1=Hello; S1.CharAt(0) H S1.CharAt(4) o int Length() // for array obj it is attrib byte[ ] getBytes( ) indexOf(String str) subString(int startIndex,int EndIndex)

Trim() removes white space at the beginning and end of String toUpperCase()-converts all characters of String to uppercase

Can be changed .represents growable and rewritable string Important Methods:Int Length( ) Int Capacity() ensureCapacity(int)

StringBuilder vs StringBuffer Methods inside StringBuilder are not synchronized Everything else is same . Better to use StringBuilder as it works faster

Encapsulates runtime environment instance/obj cannot be directly created Use static(factory) method getRuntime() to get instance of RunTime class Control state and behaviour of JVM Applets cannot use it without raising security Exception

Process Exec(String path)- runs specified program Void gc() calls Garbage Collector Long freeMemory() returns free memory in JVM Long TotalMemory()-returns total memory in the system Exit (int status)-shuts down currently running JVM LoadLibrary(String Libname)

Instance variables PrintStream in , out , err

Methods:gc() SetSecurityManager(SecurityManager sm) SecurityManager getSecurityManager() Exit(int status) Properties getProperties() setErr(PrintStream p) setOut(PrintStream p) setIn(PrintStream p)

Program