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communications 5.4 Standards relating to interactive applications over the internet 5.5 standards for entertainment applications
5.1 introduction
In this chapter we present an overview of the standards
that have been defined for use with multimedia communication A reference model is used for defined the various standards
Figure5.1(a)
Figure 5.1(b)(c)
Figure 5.2
Figure 5.3(a)
Figure 5.3(b)
Multiplexer / demultiplexer
Figure 5.4
Table 5.1
that support a range of multimedia application over an ISDN Audio:G.711,G.722,G.728 Video:H.261 User data:T.120 System control/call setup:Q.391 Multiplexing:H.221
Figure 5.5
Figure 5.6
Figure 5.7
Figure 5.8
End system that are attached to a circuit-mode network is achieved. This is through H.323 gateway Figure 5.9
Figure 5.9
Session initiation protocol (SIP) Sip provides services for user location,call establishment,and call participation management Request and responds are made through an application program known as user agent.
Figure 5.10
Format of the mail message is often different The application protocol are also different
Figure 5.11
Figure 5.12
Information Browsing
The most basic type of interaction using the web is
information browsing. Web pages are written in HTML contain all information necessary both to display the contents of page. Page is accessed by means of program known as browser-the page contents are displayed by interpreting the format. Plaintext and hypertext Hypertext transfer protocol.
figure 5.14
when you click submit it passes on server. Common gateway interface(CGI) Security-based on public and private key encryption. Also checks the information is received by intended receipeient.
Figure 5.15
achieved through a networking device Show figure 5.16 Security gateway or firewall is installed. Packet filtering Proxy server
Figure 5.16
5.4 standards relating to interactive applications over the internet-5.4.4 Java and
JavaScript
Figure 5.17
Applet-the compiled program in java Virtual machine-the applet code produced by the
compiler is for a virtual machine. Bytecode-the compiled applet code Javascript Embed java code into an HTML page directly
Figure5.17
5.5.1 Movie/video-on-demand
Transmission format (figure 5.18) Elementary streams-the output streams produced by both the video and audio encoders are known as elementary streams. Packetized ES (PES):since each stream is encoded independently and timing information is added to both streams, each stream is known as packetized ES. System time clock(STC):time stamp indicates the time the audio/video contained within the PES should be output-time stamps are generated using STC. Pack-multiplexing the data either audio or video or private data into a data structure known as Pack. System clock reference(SRC)
Figure 5.18
5.5.1 Movie/video-on-demand-cont
Distribution network Figure5.19(a) show telephony company architectureuses a high bit rate modems known as ADSL-it provides connection to television, computer and your landlinesocket changed o ADSL subscriber unit -the twisted pair wires from multiple subscribers in an area are terminated in ADSL network termination unit.locate din either local exchange or switching office. --The output from a number of such units are mux/demux together for transmission purposes back to local exchange known as fiber-to-the-kurb network. --Later on ADSL models having fiber-to-the-home
multiple tv channels broadcast from the cable TV company local office to all subscribers-the unit used to provide this facility is known as cable modem.
Figure 5.19
program stream and the output stream containing multiple programs. If the program stream is to be stored then used directly. if it is to be multiplexed with other programs, the the output stream is multiplexed with transport stream multiplexer The TS fromat contains 184 bytes payload and 4 bytes header.
Header contains
-synchronization byte-to interpret packet header received by the receiver -packet identifier-to enable receiver to relate the TS packet payload to correct PES. -adaptation bit-2048 bytes of PES to be mapped in 184 byte segments for transmission. -Payload flag bit -a time stamp also included showing the time when TS packet is created.
System-level Program allocation table(PAT)-contains the link between PID and corresponding TV program Program map table(PMT)-indicates PID of elementary streams that makeup each program. Conditional access table(CAT)-is sent to receiver whenever a program is present in TS which has conditional access.
Figure 5.20