HALA!

SESAR Research Network

Summer School

Levels of Automation and Task Allocation

Dimensions of automation: best time, best place and best actor Rosa Arnaldo, UPM

DESIGNING THE FUTURE AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

La Granja

15th -18th July, 2013

www.hala-sesar.net

HALA! SESAR Research Network

Summer School

BEST TASK / FUNCTION ALLOCATION FOR THE DIFFERENT ATM PROCESSES

15/07/2013

Heritage : SESAR paradigm sift

HALA! SESAR Research Network

Summer School

Shift from Airspace Based operation towards a Trajectory Based operation concept.

Aims to ensure that the Airspace User flies its trajectory close to its intent in the most efficient. In the ATM Target Concept it is recognised that humans will constitute the core of the future European ATM Systems Shift from Tactical Management towards a more Proactive system, operations. However, to accommodate the expected traffic increase, an advanced level of automation support for the Implementing different planning layers where decision about trajectories can be taken in advance to accommodate will be required. ATM Target Concept. over SESAR. user needs, de-conflicthumans trajectories and reduce as much as D3. possible human tactical intervention the aircraft.

Shift from a controller-based system towards a more distributed system

Decisions about aircraft trajectories are taken by the actor that is in the best position for each moment and scenario to take such decision.

15/07/2013

HALA! SESAR Research Network

Summer School Human shift from controlling tasks to monitoring New tasks for the human Human centered philosophy ? Foster trust and confidence?

Increase in integrated automation support

Controller task load issue

Automation for the routine controller task Better methods of data input and data management Automation support to conflict / interaction detection, situation monitoring and conflict resolution Reduction in the need for controller tactical 15/07/2013 intervention

Automation limits based on human performance consequences

Heritage : SESAR paradigm sift

HALA! SESAR Research Network

Summer School

15/07/2013

New paradigm shift in ATM and Automation

HALA! SESAR Research Network

Summer School

The Building Blocks

1
Focus on ATM Invariant Processes

New role assignment based on:

best time decision place best player

3
Automation driven by overall system performance

15/07/2013

New paradigm shift in ATM Automation

HALA! SESAR Research Network

Summer School

The three interdependent dimensions for the paradigm change

New role assignment based on :

First dimension BEST TIME for decision making: Strategic vs. tactical planning layer

Second dimension BEST PLACE: Controlled vs. autonomy.

Third dimension BEST PLAYER: Human vs. automated player.

15/07/2013

First dimension : BEST TIME

HALA! SESAR Research Network

Summer School

This deals with finding the right time to act along the anticipatory to the compensatory timeframe

First dimension BEST TIME for decision making: Strategic vs. tactical planning layer

When the task should be initiated and the degree or anticipatory/compensatory content.

15/07/2013

First dimension: :BEST TIME

Working with what is planned to happen Trajectory planning: Central Controlled Management?

HALA! SESAR Research Network

Summer School

Working with what is actually happening Trajectory monitoring: Autonomous Management?

Targeting Monitoring
Goals/Targets Situation assessment Current understanding Information Plans/Objectives Situation assessment Plans/Objectives Actions/Target values Goals/Targets

Anticipated control

Regulating

Tracking
15/07/2013

Measurements/Feedback Actions/Target values Corrective actions

Compensatory control
Figure taken from Erik Hollnagel

Second dimension : BEST Place

HALA! SESAR Research Network

Summer School

Where, among the system components, these tasks should be allocated

Second dimension BEST PLACE: Controlled vs. autonomy.

This involves centric versus autonomous consideration to decide which place is best suited to take the required decision

15/07/2013

10

Third dimension : BEST PLAYER

HALA! SESAR Research Network

Summer School

Who will execute the task.

Third dimension BEST PLAYER: Human vs. automated player.

This deals with deciding to what extent human or an automated function should participate in the decision

15/07/2013

11

Third model: A model of types and level of automation

HIGH LEVELS OF AUTOMATION

HALA! SESAR Research Network

Summer School

LOW

10. The computer decides everything, acts autonomously, ignoring the human. 9. Informs the human only if, the computers, decides to. 8. Informs the human only if asked. 7. Executes automatically, then necessarily informs the human. 6. Allows the human a restricted time to veto before automatic execution. 5. Executes that suggestion if the human approves. 4. Suggests one alternative. 3. Narrow the selection down to a few. 2. The computer offers a complete set of decisions/actions alternatives. 1. The computer offers no assistance, human must take all decision and actions.

Sensory Processing

Perception/ Working memory

Decision Making

Response Selection

15/07/2013

Information Acquisition Implementation

Information Analysis Implementation

Decision Selection Implementation

Action Implementation
12

Third model: A model of types and level of automation

Information Acquisition Implementation
Automation Level

HALA! SESAR Research Network

Summer School
Action Implementation

Information Analysis Implementation

Automation Level

Decision Selection Implementation

Automation Level

Automation Level

HIGH

HIGH

HIGH

HIGH

System B

System A

15/07/2013

LOW

LOW

LOW

LOW

13

Third model: A model of types and level of automation

Information Acquisition Implementation Automation Level Information Analysis Implementation Automation Level Decision Selection Implementation Automation Level

HALA! SESAR Research Network

Summer School
Action Implementation

Automation Level

HIGH

HIGH

HIGH

HIGH

For reliable automation

For reliable automation

For low risk function For high level automation and high risk function

For high risk function

15/07/2013

LOW

LOW

LOW

LOW

14

HALA! SESAR Research Network

Summer School

15/07/2013

15

EXERCISE : Let practice

Automation level ( 0 to 10)

HALA! SESAR Research Network

Summer School

Optimal llocation
Ideal llocation

Worst case

Centric/autonomous

15/07/2013

Limits

16

EXERCISE : Let practice

HALA! SESAR Research Network

Summer School

Characterize the ATM Invariant Procceses according to the 3 dimensions

15/07/2013

17

EXERCISE : Let practice

ICAO Invariant Processes
AIRSPACE ORGANISATION AND MANAGEMENT

HALA! SESAR Research Network

Summer School

AIRPORT OPERATIONS

SEQUENCE AND METERING OPTIMISATION (Traffic Synchronization)

AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS
CONFLICT MANAGEMENT DEMAND AND CAPACITY MANAGEMENT 19

ATM SERVICE DELIVERY MANAGEMENT 15/07/2013

HALA! SESAR Research Network

Summer School

Good luck with the exercise ... and keep a balanced ATM

15/07/2013

20