Outline

What is Cloud Computing ? Architecture of Cloud computing VIRTUALIZATION Deployment Models Flavours of Cloud Computing Pros and Cons of Cloud Computing

 According to International Data Corporation, digital data in India is expected to be around 2.3 million petabytes by 2020. This slowly leads to an information explosion with cloud in the middle, as more and more Indian companies are looking to leverage the cost advantages of the cloud. A research study conducted by Zinnov Management Consulting reveals that private cloud in India will help save Indian companies up to 50% of their infrastructure costs and will also create more than 1 lakh jobs by 2015.

What is Cloud Computing

Shared pool of configurable computing resources On-demand network access Provisioned by the Service Provider
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Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. cloud computing customers do not own the physical infrastructure. Cloud computing users avoid capital expenditure (CapEx) on hardware, software, and services when they pay a provider only for what they use. Low shared infrastructure and costs, low management overhead, and immediate access to a broad range of applications

 Cloud Computing is a general term used to describe a new class of network based computing that takes place over the Internet, basically a step on from Utility Computing a collection/group of integrated and networked hardware, software and Internet infrastructure (called a platform). Using the Internet for communication and transport provides hardware, software and networking services to clients These platforms hide the complexity and details of the underlying infrastructure from users and applications by providing very simple graphical interface or API (Applications Programming Interface).

 In addition, the platform provides on demand services, that are always on, anywhere, anytime and any place. Pay for use and as needed, elastic
scale up and down in capacity and functionalities

The hardware and software services are available to

general public, enterprises, corporations and businesses markets
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Cloud Architecture

Cloud Computing Characteristics

Common Characteristics: Massive Scale Homogeneity Virtualization Low Cost Software Essential Characteristics: On Demand Self-Service Broad Network Access Resource Pooling Rapid Elasticity Measured Service

Resilient Computing
Geographic Distribution Service Orientation Advanced Security

Adopted from: Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell, Tim Grance

Scalability Infrastructure capacity allows for traffic spikes and minimizes delays. Resiliency Cloud providers have mirrored solutions to minimize downtime in the event of a disaster. This type of resiliency can give businesses the sustainability they need during unanticipated events. Homogeneity: No matter which cloud provider and architecture an organization uses, an open cloud will make it easy for them to work with other groups, even if those other groups choose different providers and architectures. On-demand self-service. A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with each services provider. Broad network access. Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs). Resource pooling. Multi-tenant model.. There is a sense of location independence in that the customer generally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources but may be able to specify location at a higher level of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or datacenter). Examples of resources include storage, processing, memory, network bandwidth, and virtual machines. Rapid elasticity. Capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned, in some cases automatically, to quickly scale out and rapidly released to quickly scale in. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any time. Measured Service. Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts).

Virtualization
Virtual workspaces:
An abstraction of an execution environment that can be made dynamically available to authorized clients by using well-defined protocols, Resource quota (e.g. CPU, memory share), Software configuration (e.g. O/S, provided services).

Implement on Virtual Machines (VMs):

Abstraction of a physical host machine, Hypervisor intercepts and emulates instructions from VMs, and allows management of VMs, App App App VMWare, Xen, etc. OS OS OS

Provide infrastructure API:

Plug-ins to hardware/support structures

Hypervisor Hardware Virtualized Stack

Virtual Machines
VM technology allows multiple virtual machines to run on a single physical machine.
App App App
Guest OS (NetBSD)

App

App

Xen
VMWare UML Denali etc.

Guest OS (Linux)

Guest OS (Windows)

VM

VM

VM

Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) / Hypervisor Hardware

Performance: Para-virtualization (e.g. Xen) is very close to raw physical performance!

Deployment models
The cloud deployment models define the purpose of the cloud and nature of how the cloud is located there are four basic models 1. Private model 2. Public model 3. Community model 4. Hybrid model

Public cloud

Public clouds are run by third parties, and applications from different customers are likely to be mixed together on the clouds servers, storage systems, and networks. Public clouds are most often hosted away from customer premises, and they provide a way to reduce customer risk and cost by providing a flexible, even temporary extension to enterprise infrastructure. If a public cloud is implemented with performance, security, and data locality in mind, the existence of other applications running in the cloud should be transparent to both cloud architects and end users. Indeed, one of the benefits of public clouds is that they can be much larger than a companys private cloud might be, offering the ability to scale up and down on demand, and shifting infrastructure risks from the enterprise to the cloud provider, if even just temporarily.

Private clouds are built for the exclusive use of one client, providing the extreme control over data, security, and quality of service. The company owns the infrastructure and has control over how applications are deployed on it. Private clouds may be deployed in an enterprise data center, and they also may be deployed at a colocation facility.

Private cloud

Hybrid cloud

Hybrid cloud

Hybrid clouds combine both public and private cloud models. They can help to provide ondemand, externally provisioned scale. The ability to augment a private cloud with the resources of a public cloud can be used to maintain service levels in the face of rapid workload fluctuations. This is most often seen with the use of storage clouds to support Web 2.0 applications. A hybrid cloud also can be used to handle planned workload spikes. Sometimes called surge computing, a public cloud can be used to perform periodic tasks that can be deployed easily on a public cloud.

Community model
The cloud infrastructure shared by several organization and supports a specific community that shared concerns eg : mission , security requirements , policy , and compliance consideration.

Flavors of Cloud Computing

SaaS Software as a Service: Network-hosted application DaaS Data as a Service: Customer queries against providers database PaaS Platform as a Service: Network-hosted software development platform IaaS Infrastructure as a Service: Provider hosts customer VMs or provides network storage IPMaaS Identity and Policy Management as a Service: Provider manages identity and/or access control policy for customer NaaS Network as a Service: Provider offers virtualized networks

Some Service providers for SaaS Software as a Service

Some Service providers for DaaS Data as a Service

Some Service providers for PaaS Platform as a Service

Some Service providers for IaaS Infrastructure as a Service

Some Service providers for NaaS Network as a Service

Some Service providers for IPMaaS Identity and Policy Management as a Service

22-Jul-13

Cloud Computing Pros

Reduced Hardware equipment for end users Improved Performance Lower Hardware and Software Maintenance Instant Software Updates Accessibility Less Expensive Better Collaboration Pay for what you use Flexible Need not invest on multiple licensing

Cloud Computing Cons

Security Issues (#1 concern) Internet connection

Too many platforms

Location of Servers Time for Transition Speed