You are on page 1of 17

QUALITY CONTROL

IN

WET PROCESSING
PART I PRETREATMENT PROCESS OF FABRIC

C. R. MADHU Textile Processing Technology Department R.C. Technical Institute, Sola, Ahmedabad, Gujarat

QUALITY CONTROL

Quality in business, engineering and manufacturing has a pragmatic interpretation as the noninferiority or superiority of something

also defined as fitness for purpose Quality is a perceptual, conditional and somewhat subjective attribute and may be understood differently by different people

Quality control, or QC for short, is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production.

There are five aspects of quality in a business context:


1. 2.

3.

4.

5.

Producing :- providing something. Checking :- confirming that something has been done correctly. Quality Control :- controlling a process to ensure that the outcomes are predictable. Quality Management :- directing an organization so that it optimizes its performance through analysis and improvement. Quality Assurance :- obtaining confidence that a product or service will be satisfactory. (Normally performed by a purchaser)

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM)

Total Quality Management, is an approach that extends beyond ordinary statistical quality control techniques and quality improvement methods TQM is only one of many acronyms used to label management systems that focus on quality CQI (continuous quality improvement) SQC (statistical quality control) QFD (quality function deployment) QIDW (quality in daily work) TQC (total quality control) TQM is an integrative philosophy of management for continuously improving the quality of products and processes

QUALITY CONTROL FOR GRAY FABRIC

Visual Examination for certain defects as stains, mildew contamination, metallic impurities These impurities may be carried out to trace back their nature and origin at the grey stage This will help in taking suitable corrective action during processing and to adopt preventive measure as well.

EXAMINATION UNDER ULTRAVIOLET(UV) LIGHT This may be provide the origin of a stain by its characteristic fluorescence
Mineral oil :- Strong Violet/White Vegetable oil :- Yellowish Metallic soap :- Yellowish Fluorescent brightening agent :- Strong Violet/Blue Mildew growth :- Yellow Metal stain :- Very dark area against a lighter background

DETECTION OF COPPER & IRON

Copper & Iron is likely to cause damage of cellulosic fibres, due to catalytic effect in peroxide bleaching Fe :- Potassium thiocynate/Potassium ferrocyanide test Dilute HCl, Potassium thiocynate (Pink) (10%)/Potassium ferrocyanide(10%) (Dark blue) Cu :- Ashed smaple Dissolved in dilute HCl & treated with Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate followed by extraction with chloroform Yellow colour indicate presence of Cu

QUALITY CONTROL IN PRETREATMENT PROCESS OF FABRIC


Process
Desizing Scouring

Test to be carried out


1. Desizing efficiency 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. Absorbency Wax content Ash content Cuprammonium test Absorbency Cuprammonium test Whiteness Yellowness

Bleaching

Mercerising Heat Setting

1. Barium activity number 1. Boiling water shrinkage 2. Iodine absorption test

DESIZING EFFICIENCY

Indian Standard No. 199, AATCC Test Method 79-1995 Sample is to be solvent extracted in a soxhlet with chloroform % Desizing efficiency = % Original Size - % Residual Size X 100 % Original Size Desizing efficiency comes 90% :- Excellent 80 90% :- Satisfactory below 80% :- Poor

ABSORBENCY

AATCC TS-018

Allowing a drop of water to fall from a fixed distance (2.5 cm) to the fabric mounted on embroidery frame of about 6 inch diameter. Drop absorbency test Drop absorbency of about 5 sec is generally considered as satisfactory Berdnt & Golob, Dugal et.Al. suggested methods for hydrophobic fibre also by using C.I. direct Blue 86 and Black disperse dyestuff.

WAX CONTENT

AATCC TEST METHOD 97-2009

Extraction of about 10 g sample with suitable solvent (Chloroform for Cotton & Petroleum ether for Polyester blend) in soxhlet apparatus. Extracted sample is dried in oven at 105C Amount of residue is expressed as percentage wax content on the original weight of sample. Chloroform

Lab. Oven

ASH CONTENT

AATCC TEST METHODS 78-1989

5 g of sample incinerated in silica crucible in a burner followed by complete ashing in a muffle furnace at about 700C fro 10 minute Amount of ash is expressed as percentage of the original weight of sample Muffle Furnace Silica Crucible

CUPRAMMONIUM FLUIDITY
AATCC TEST METHOD 82-2012

Determination of chemical degradation of cotton Cotton is dissolved in cuprammonium hydroxide in X type viscometer at 20C Internal volume:- 20 ml, filled with water & at bottom 0.7 ml mercury is filled. C = F1 X d1 X t1, , for liquid of known fluidity where, C = Viscometer Constant F1 = Fluidity d1 = Density t1 = time of flow Fluidity of cotton F = C/t For bleached fabric F = 5 8 is satisfactory

WHITENESS

AATCC TEST METHOD 110-2011

This is attributed to the luminosity or freedom from yellowness It is measured by reflection of the specimen against standard white (MgO) In blue region W = 100 (R670 R430) Harrison W = 430 (R670 R430) Stephenson In USA, Hunters coordinates W = L 3b Hunter W = L + 3a 3b Stensby

BARIUM ACTIVITY NUMBER


AATCC TEST METHOD 89-2012

Degree of swelling of cotton material during mercerization is determined by B.A.N. test 3 g of specimen is extracted with carbon tetrachloride in soxhlet 2 g of specimen is transferred to a conical flask and 30 ml, 0.25 N Ba(OH)2 is added to it. This mixture is allowed to stand for 2 hours. From above mixture 10 ml of sample is titrated against 0.1 N HCl using phenolphthalein.

Blank determination is also carried out without specimen in flask.


BAN = [(a b)/(a c)] X 100 a = volume of acid required for blank b = volume of acid required for mercerized specimen c = volume of acid required for unmercerized specimen

A well mercerized cotton shows BAN in the range 125 135.

SHRINKAGE IN BOILING WATER


AATCC TEST METHOD 135

Test was originally recommended by Du Pont Blended fabric sample is marked in warp & weft direction & then boiled in water for 30 minute. % Shrinkage = [ ( Lo Lf) / Lo] X 100 Lo = Original Length Lf = Final Length 67/33 polyester/cotton blend fabric shows shrinkage within 1 %

IODINE ABSORPTION TEST


For assessing degree of heat setting this test is carried out. 1 g sample taken in 250 ml stopper flask, 0.1 N 30 ml Iodine is added to this flask & allowed to stand for 2 Hrs. Sample is taken out and added in 50 ml chloroform, then 10 ml 0.1 N Sodium thiosulphate is added to this mixture This mixture is titrated against 0.01 N Iodine solution using starch as indicator. Blank determination is also carried out. Iodine Absorption (mg/g) = [ (X Y) X 0.01 X 127 ] / W X = ml of 0.01 N Iodine required for blank Y = ml of 0.01 N Iodine required for sample W = Weight in g of sample

You might also like