CAR TECH EXPO

PRESENTED BY: KANIKA CHANDOLIA NIMISH BHANDARI SMRITI SANDHU ANKIT VYAS SADDAM AHMAD

INTRODUCTION
Buyers Perspective
TODAY YESTERDAY Demand of Speed Comfort Amenities Demand of Style Designs Advanced technology Brand

TECHNOLOGIES LAUNCHED
Recent Technology Development

Safety Technological Development

Night Vision Global Positioning System In-Car Internet Self Parked System Emergency Brakes Airbags Rear-view Camera Rollover Protection Blind Spot Detection

Sellers Perspective
Discovered IT as a strategic business asset. Tying up with software vendors to use software in cars. Car manufacturers taking help in two broad aspects Using sophisticated technology to provide enhanced features. IT as a tool for better sales and administration.

Developing Trends of Automotive Electronic Systems

Rise of importance of software in the Car

MICROPROCESSORS in Cars
The need for sophisticated engine controls to meet emissions and fuel-economy standards Advanced diagnostics Simplification of the manufacture and design of cars Reduction of the amount of wiring in cars New safety features New comfort and convenience features

Electronic Control Unit (ECU)

An ECU is an embedded system that controls/monitors systems in a car. Combination of ECUs is known as the cars computer. The cars computer is not one system but a large number of small subsystems connected together by a network. Modern vehicles have up to 75+ ECUs.

Typical ECUs

Engine Control Module (ECM) Determine parameters for an Internal combustion engine. Electronic Stability Control (ESC) Improves vehicle safety by preventing loss of control. Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) Improves safety by preventing the brakes from locking.

ELECTRONIC CONTROL MODULE

Controls the parameters of an internal combustion engine. Has developed into a closed-loop system, feeds data back into the car to make decisions Embedded System, resources are limited.

Early systems entirely look-up table based. Current designs are able to compute many parameters on-the-fly but there is still a few look up tables.

ECM RUNNING MODES

Open-loop : This is when the ECM is not using input data from sensors.

This occurs in certain circumstances where using input data would not be beneficial. e.g.: when the engine is cold, or wide open throttle.

Closed-loop: This uses post-combustion data to compute changes for pre-combustion parameters.

This change was implemented as the microprocessors got faster. Some use data from short period of time like a single trip while others keep track of data for months.

Interconnections in the Vehicle

Using ECUs as Diagnostic tool

On Board Diagnostics or OBD-II standard diagnostic testing. Diagnostic Problem An error occurs but where is really? Logging takes place in trips . Major functions of a car are controlled and monitored by computers on their own networks. Malfunction Indicator Light : If something goes wrong with the car, the computer will know and record a fault code long before a light comes on the dashboard alerting that something is wrong.

OBD- I

In the 1980s the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) came up with OBD(On Board Diagnostics). It is a set of diagnostics data variables and also with a relatively standard connector plug. Its mission was to reduce emissions, make sure failures could be discovered and fixed quickly via good diagnostics. Internationally, OBD is handled by the ISO (International Organization for Standardization). As a result, every car can accommodate the same DLC (Data Link Connector) and generates the same generic DTC (Diagnostic Trouble Code).

OBD II

OBD-II is an expanded set with more standardization both in connectors and fault codes, and was adopted by CARB in 1989 and later by the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). Starting with 1996, every car sold in the US became required to have a computer that can generate the OBD-II codes and a standard OBD-II connector.

OBD-II Scanners
Task: To interface with one or more data communication network interfaces, read the codes, and convert for PC's serial port can read. Data loggers.: It collect all generated data, up to several hundred hours' worth. e.g.: The Davis Car-Chip, via software, is able to recreate every aspect of a trip-speed, distance, breaking and acceleration and much more. It could easily determine speeding violations. Provide important clues to what happened right before an accident. Fact: OBD-III is already being developed, and it will have more sensor s and faster interfaces, and it also may contain transponders that could allow automatic vehicle locating and monitoring.

RECENT TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTS

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM(GPS)

Is satellite based system consists of GPS units. GPS units consist of 1. Space Segment 2. Control Segment 3. User Segment

Four satellites pinpoints the precise position of the receiver on the earth. Information from the first three satellites narrows down the range of possible locations to two points. A fourth satellite is used to confirm the target location.

A monitor in the car shows the relevant portion of the map.

The driver can enter the target location, and the computer will calculate the optimal route and display it instantly.

IN CAR INTERNET
Refers to internet services provided in the car. Provides common internet benefits while on the road like sending and receiving e-mails, social networking, tripplanning and navigation etc.

Wireless ROUTER
Through an Aircard od Modem It has internal battery that helps eliminate the router from rebooting as car starts and stops. It is small enough to fit above or on the sun visors. Multiple devices can get connected to it.

SELF PARKING
Computer-controlled sensors find open parking spaces based on their estimation of the proximity of other vehicles. Once an open space is detected, it directs the vehicle's steering wheel to parallel park the car. The driver controls the speed of the car via the gas and brake pedals the manoeuvring of the car into the parking space is done by the car itself.

How does it work?

Drivers first pull up alongside the parking space. They move forward until the vehicle's rear bumper passes the rear wheel of the car parked in front of the open space. The driver's selection of the parallel park guidance button on the navigation/camera touchscreen causes a grid to appear (with green or red lines, a flag symbol representing the corner of the parking spot, and adjustment arrows)

 The driver is responsible for checking to see if the representative box on the screen correctly identifies the parking space If the space is large enough to park, the box will be green in colour if the box is incorrectly placed, or lined in red, using the arrow buttons moves the box until it turns green.

Once the parking space is correctly identified, the driver presses OK and take his/her hands off the steering wheel, while keeping the foot on the brake pedal. When the driver slowly releases the brake, while keeping the foot on the brake pedal, the car will then begin to back up and steer itself into the parking space

Intelligent Parking Assist System

Launched in 2003 First automatic parking system was developed byToyota Motor Corporation in 2004. Offering both parallel and back-in parking. The vehicle's computer calculates the best parallel- or reverse-parking steering angles.

How does it works?

Reverse parking automatically activates thebackup camera system, and the car's rear view appears on dash navigation/camera display. The driver approaches the parking space, moving forward and turning, positioning the car in place for backing into the reverse parking spot. The vehicle rear has to be facing the reverse parking spot, allowing the backup camera to 'see' the parking area.

 Reverse automatically activates the backup camera system, and the driver selects the reverse park guidance button on the navigation/camera touchscreen (the grid appears with green or red lines, a flag symbol representing the corner of the parking spot, and adjustment arrows; reverse parking addsrotation selection).After checking the parking space and engaging the reverse park procedure, the same exact parking process occurs as the car reverse parks into the spot.

SAFETY TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS

NIGHT VISION

Helps in increasing drivers perception on the road. Effective in darkness and poor weather.

BUT HOW DOES IT WORK ?

REAR VIEW CAMERA

Acts as a video camera. Provide an aid in backing up. Powered by car battery. Lowers the risk of accidently hitting children or small animal wandering into the path of the vehicle.

BUT HOW DOES IT WORK ?

WIRELESS SYSTEM

WIRED SYSTEM

Run-flat tyres
Run-flat tyres keep you mobile even if all tyre pressure is lost. With run-flat tyres fitted, you can continue driving for up to 150 km at a speed of up to 80 km/h without any significant loss in vehicle stability.

HANDS OFF DOZE CONTROL

Also known as ACC (Adaptive Cruise Control). Adjusts cars speed to maintain a safe following distance. Drivers use it to avoid unconsciously violating speed limits. Useful for long drives across highways.

BUT HOW DOES IT WORK ?

Collision Mitigation System

It recognizes when the driver makes a panic stop . It apply additional brake pressure to help shorten the stopping distance. It is different from an antilock braking system or electronic brake force distribution. It may also work in conjunction with the smart cruise control or stability control system if it senses a potential collision. It is often called brake assist, although BMW, for example, refers to it as Dynamic Brake Control.

AIRBAG SYSTEM
First, there is thebagitself, which is made of thin, nylon fabric and folded into thesteering wheel or the dash board. Then there is thesensorthat tells the bag to inflate. Finally, there is theinflation system. Air bags are actually inflated by the equivalent of asolid rocket booster.

ROLLOVER PROTECTION SYSTEM

If the system senses a potential rollover, it applies the brakes and modulate throttle as needed to maintain control. DaimlerChrysler calls it Electronic Roll Mitigation, Ford named it Roll Stability Control, and GM's is Proactive Roll Avoidance. Range Rover's is Active Roll Mitigation, while Volvo's is called Roll-Over Protection System. But they all have the same goal.

BLIND-SPOT DETECTION
Also known as Side assist or collision warning. Ablind spotin a vehicle is an area around the car that cannot be directly observed by the driver while at the controls, under existing circumstances. If it detects something in the way, it may flash a light in your mirror, cause the seat or steering wheel to vibrate, or sound an alarm

 Blind spots exist in a wide range of vehicles: cars, trucks, motorboats and aircraft Other types of transport have no blind spots at all, such asbicycles, motorcycle and horses.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE
There are a variety of ways vehicles now and in the future will handle an emergency situation 1. DaimlerChrysler's Enhanced Accident Response System (EARS): Turns on interior lighting, unlocks doors and shuts off fuel when airbags deploy. 2.Volkswagen's also switches on the hazards and disconnects the battery terminal from the alternator. 3. GM's OnStar and BMW Assist both alert their respective response centers of the accident and make crash details available to emergency personnel

A PEEP INTO FUTURE

SELF DRIVEN CARS

It means a car that can drive itself, and they're probably closer to being a reality than you might think. Google's self-driven cars will soon be appearing on Nevada roads after the state's Department of Motor Vehicles approved the nation's first autonomous vehicle license.

How does it work ?

CAR CONTROLLED BY SMARTPHONES

Nissan's 8th EV concept car PIVO3 can be controlled and communicated with smartphones. REUTERS/Kim Kyung-Hoon.
A model holds a smartphone as she poses with Nissan's new concept car PIVO3 at its unveiling ceremony for journalists at its technical center in Atsugi, south of Tokyo.

On the similar lines

General Motors Electric Networked Vehicle (EN-V) concept represents a vision of the future of urban personal mobility which includes 1. A feature that would allow the vehicle to park itself 2.Automatically return to the user when summoned from a smartphone application.

CAR-CAR COMMUNICATION
Uses advanced Wi-Fi Technology. Transmit cars location and recognize other car surrounded. The system will gives warning of an oncoming car while passing a vehicle on a country road. Alerts car about to blow through a red light. Tells when a vehicle several cars ahead has stopped short

AUGMENTED REALITY DASHBOARD

Near future cars will be able to identify external objects in front of the driver Display information about them on the windshield. BMW has already implemented a windshield display in some of their cars which displays basic information. Also developing augmented reality dashboards.

FLYING CARS
In near terms future cars will be flying. Kitty Hawk and Daimler were just the beginnings.
Some of them are the Switchblade, PAL-V One, X-Hawk, LaBiche FSC-1, Moller Skycar and the Milner AirCar. Terrafugia Transition taking online orders for its flying car which will be flying in the sky very soon.

And Technology will always continue to surprise us!!

THANK YOU !!