Allan Abungan

PROBLEM SET CALCULUS

PROBLEM #1
A horizontal cylindrical tank of length 9 ft. and radius 5 ft. is filled with oil. At t=0 a plug at the lowest point of the tank is removed and a flow results. Find y, the depth of the oil in the tank at any time t while the tank is draining. The constriction coefficient is k=1/15

ILLUSTRATION
9
5

Referring to the figure we see that the circumference of the end of the tank is the circle From this relation we obtain Then the surface of the oil is a rectanle whose width is The length of the cylinder is 9

Now in general when the liquid of volume V escapes through the opening in the container the rate at which it flows through the opening is Thus

K is the constant that depends on the nature of the orifice. It is less than one because of the physically observed fact that the stream of the escaping liquid contracts slightly as it leaves the container. To use the relation

We note that dV is equal to the surface of the liquid multiplied by dy. Thus

Or

We have obtained a first degree differential equation which is separated. To integrate the left hand side,

Thus the general solution is

To eliminate c, use the condition that at t=0, y= 10; then c = 0. thus

Solving for y

PROBLEM #2

A tank contains 50 gallons of a solution composed of 90% water and 10% alcohol.A second solution containing 50% water and 50% alcohol is added to the tank at the rate of 4 gallons per minute. As the second solution is being added, the tank is being drained at the rate of 5 gallons per minute. Assuming the solution in the tank is stirred constantly, how much alcohol is in the tank after 10 minutes?

ILLUSTRATION

Solution Let y be the number of gallons of alcohol in the tank at any time t. You know that y=5 when t=0.Because the number of gallons of solution in the tank at any time is 50-t and the tank loses 5 gallons of solution per minute, it must lose

gallons of alcohol per minute. Furthermore, because the tank is gaining 2 gallons of alcohol per minute, the rate of change of alcohol in the tank is given by

To solve this linear equation, let

And obtain

Because t<50, you can drop the absolute value signs and conclude that

Thus the general solution

Because y=5 when t = 0, you have

Which means that the particular solution is

Finally when t=10, the amount of alcohol in the tank is

Which represents a solution containing 33.6% alcohol