Intro to IT

Week-3

Computer Software Types of software

System Software,

Operating System Word processors Spreadsheets Graphical Designing (Presentation) Database Software Communication Software

Application Software

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Computer Software

Computer Instructions or data, anything that can be stored electronically is called Software. Software refers to the computer programs, routines and packages required to utilize and control the operation of the computer system. Such as DOS, Windows, MS-Office or user developed programs.

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Types of Software
Software divided into two types

System Software

Application Software

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System Software

System Software includes the Operating System and all the utilities that enable the computer to function. System software is a term referring to any computer software which manages and controls the hardware so that application software can perform a task. The programs that control the operation of the computer system is called System Software. Example: Operating Systems (Utility Programs), device drivers

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System Software (Contd)

Operating System

It is an integrated set of programs that use to manage the various resources and overall operations of a computer system. Operating System is a software, which makes a computer to actually work. It is the software the enables all the programs we use. The OS organizes and controls the hardware. OS acts as an interface between the application programs and the machine hardware. Examples: Windows, Linux, Unix and Mac OS, etc
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System Software (Contd)

What OS does?
An operating system performs basic tasks such as, Controlling and allocating memory, Prioritizing system requests, Controlling input and output devices, Facilitating networking and Managing file systems

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System Software (Contd)

Structure of Operating System
Application Programs
Software (Operating System)

HARDWARE

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System Software (Contd)

The structure of OS consists of 3 layers: Hardware

Hardware consists of CPU, Main memory, I/O Devices, etc,

Software (Operating System)

Software includes process management routines, memory management routines, I/O control routines, file management routines.

Application programs
This is dependent on users need. Ex. Railway reservation system, Bank database management etc..

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System Software (Contd)

Types of Operating System Operating System can also be classified as:

Single User Systems Multi User Systems

Single User Systems

Provides a platform for only one user at a time. They are popularly associated with Desk Top operating system which run on standalone systems where no user accounts are required. Example: DOS, MAC operating system was single user operating system. Apple MAC operating system users, used menu & icons rather than commands.
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System Software (Contd)

Multi User Systems

The operating system through which many users can work with single computer at a time is called Multi User Operating System. Provides regulated access for a number of users by maintaining a database of known users. Refers to computer systems that support two or more simultaneous users. Another term for multi-user is time sharing. Ex: All mainframes are multi-user systems. Example: Unix, Windows NT, Linux etc
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Application Software

Application Software includes programs that do real work for user. Example: Payroll systems, Inventory Control System, Student Info system, Word Processor, Spreadsheet, Graphic Presentations Software, Database Management System.

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Application Software

(Contd)

Word Processors

Word processing is a tool that helps user in creating, editing, and printing documents. Word processors will normally have the following capabilities built into them: Spell checking Standard layouts for normal documents Have some characters appear in bold print, italics, or underlined Center lines, make text line up on the left side of the paper, or the right side of the paper Save the document so it can be used again print the document.

Examples: WordPerfect, WordStar and Microsoft Word

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Application Software

(Contd)

Spreadsheets
The spreadsheet packages are designed to use numbers and formulas to do calculations with ease. Spreadsheet is a group of values & other data organized into rows, & columns. The document of spreadsheet is called Work Sheet. Examples of spreadsheets include: Budgets Payrolls Grade Calculations Address Lists The most commonly used spreadsheet programs are Microsoft Excel and Lotus 123.
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Application Software

(Contd)

Graphic Presentations
The presentation programs more easily convey information to others people. Other uses include: Slide Shows Repeating Computer Presentations on a computer monitor Using Sound and animation in slide shows The most recognized graphic presentation program is Microsoft PowerPoint.

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Pixel

PixEL (Picture Element) smallest unit of an image, basically a single dot on the screen

Resolution Number of pixels in the image Common resolution size is 1024x768

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Application Software

(contd)

Database Management System (DBMS) A DBMS is a software tool that allows multiple users to store, access, and process data into useful information. Database programs are designed for these types of applications: Membership lists Student lists Grade reports Instructor schedules All of these have to be maintained so you can find what you need quickly and accurately. Example:Microsoft Access, dBASE, FOXPRO, Oracle.
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Application Software

(contd)

Communication Software Communication means transferring of ideas, emotions, information between terminals/ sites / people or computers. So the software which control such communication are called Communication Software. A widely used communication software is a Web browser, which allow user with an internet connection to access & view web pages. Example: Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator, Mozilla Firfox etc

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Open Source Software

Open source software (OSS) is computer software whose source code is available under a license that permits users to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified form.

It is often developed in a public, Group manner. Well-known OSS products are Linux, Netscape, Apache, etc.,

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Proprietary Software

Proprietary software (also called non-free software) is software with restrictions on using, copying and modifying as enforced by the proprietor. Restrictions on use, modification and copying is achieved by either legal or technical means and sometimes both. Proponents of proprietary software are Microsoft. Ex: Norton Antivirus etc

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Device Drivers

Programs which handle the various hardware devices, e.g., modem, NIC and Peripheral devices For example, an application wants to print a document It call the operating system which sends the information to the device driver together with instructions and the printer driver handles all the control of the printer

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Window

XP

Installation

Window Installation

http://www.echoproject.net/en/index.html

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FAT vs NTFS

Formatting

Formatting a disk means configuring the disk with a file system so that Windows can store information on the disk.

FAT32

FAT32, were used in earlier versions of Windows operating systems, including Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows Millennium Edition. FAT32 does not have the security that NTFS provides, FAT32 also has size limitations. You cannot create a FAT32 partition greater than 32GB in this version of Windows, and You cannot store a file larger than 4GB on a FAT32 partition.

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FAT vs NTFS

(Contd)

NTFS The capability to recover from some disk-related errors automatically, which FAT32 cannot. Improved support for larger hard disks. Better security because you can use permissions and encryption to restrict access to specific files to approved users. Quick format Quick format is a formatting option that creates a new file table on a hard disk but does not fully overwrite or erase the disk. A quick format is much faster than a normal format, which fully erases any existing data on the hard disk. A partition is an area of a hard disk that can be formatted and assigned a drive letter. The terms partition and volume are often used interchangeably. Your system partition is typically labeled with the letter C. Letters A and B are reserved for removable drives or floppy disk drives.
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