ELECTRICAL MAINTENANCE & REPAIR ET 603

TOPIC: SWITCH GEAR GROUP 3 DET 5 (KSS)

STUDENT : SANIY BIN HAJI AHMAD 07DET12S1002

MUHAMMAD ABU SOFIAN

07DET12S1006

LECTURER : MUHAMMAD MUIZZ BIN MOHD NAWAWI

EXPLAIN SWITCHGEAR AND SWITCHGEAR MAINTENANCE

switchgear is the combination of electrical disconnect switches, fuses or circuit breakers used to control, protect and isolate electrical equipment.

Switchgear is used both to de-energize equipment to allow work to be done and to clear faults downstream.
Eaton Medium Voltage Switchgear - Power Xpert FMX YouTube.MP4

 HIGH VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR

 A section of a large switchgear panel, in this case, used to control on-board casino boat power generation.

 TRAM SWITCHGEAR

MAINTENANCE SWITCHGEAR
Develop a maintenance program. The many approaches to switchgear maintenance range from continuous online monitoring to do nothing (also called run-to-failure). Predictive and preventive maintenance programsincluding most of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and International Electrical Testing Association (NETA) recommendations. Input and output signals for both analog and digital could be viewed and displayed using Probe.

MAINTENANCE SWITCHGEAR
develop a program that ensures continued peak operational conditions for your power products when emergency power is needed with services that include: Upgrades and modifications Emergency repairs Visual, mechanical and electrical inspections/tests Infrared inspection to identify unbalanced loads and loose or poor connections Electrical Switchgear 20091D - Video Dailymotion.FLV

EXPLAIN TYPES OF SWITCHGEAR Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) XD 252kV GIS Switchgear (Insulect) - YouTube.MP4 Oil or Vaccum Switchgear

OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER

Oil circuit breakers rely upon vaporization of some of the oil to blast a jet of oil through the arc. The vapour released by the arcing consists hydrogen gas. This gas is very effective at cooling the arc so that dielectric properties are restored at current zero

AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER

Air circuit breakers may use compressed air (puff) or the magnetic force of the arc itself to elongate the arc. As the length of the sustainable arc is dependent on the available voltage, the elongated arc will eventually exhaust itself. Alternatively, the contacts are rapidly swung into a small sealed chamber, the escaping of the displaced air thus blowing out the arc. Circuit breakers are usually able to terminate all current flow very quickly: typically between 30 ms and 150 ms depending upon the age and construction of the device.

GAS INSULATED SWITCHGEAR (GIS)

Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker Gas (SF6) circuit breakers sometimes stretch the arc using a magnetic field, and then rely upon the dielectric strength of the SF6 to quench the stretched arc.

HYBRID SWITCHGEEAR
A hybrid switchgear is one that combines the components of traditional air-insulated switchgear (AIS) and SF6 gasinsulated switchgear (GIS) technologies. It is characterized by a compact and modular design, which encompasses several different functions in one module.

VACUUM SWITCHGEAR
Circuit breakers with vacuum interrupters have minimal arcing characteristics(as there is nothing to ionize other than the contact material), so the arc quenches when it is stretched by a small amount (<28 mm). At or near zero current the arc is not hot enough to maintain a plasma, and current ceases; the gap can then withstand the rise of voltage. Vacuum circuit breakers are frequently used in modern medium-voltage switchgear to 40,500 volts. Unlike the other types, they are inherently unsuitable for interrupting DC faults.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) Switchgear

Breakers that use carbon dioxide as the insulating and arc extinguishing medium work on the same principles as an SF6 breaker. By switching from SF6 to CO2 it is possible to reduce the CO2 emissions by 10 tons during the product life cycle.

LOW VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR

Low Voltage Switchgear refers to switchgear which is rated for a voltage of 600V and below. Low voltage switchgear includes switches, fuse gear, enclosures, connection devices and cable distribution cabinets. The function of any switchgear is Electrical protection, electric isolation and local and remote switching.

AKD-20 Low Voltage Switchgear - YouTube.MP4

EXPLAIN SINGLE PHASE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

A single-phase electric power supply is the distribution of alternating current electric power where all the voltages of the supply vary in unison. Single-phase distribution is used when loads are mostly lighting and heating, with few large electric motors. A single-phase power supply has two hot legs or conductors, which have a sine wave that are 180 degrees apart. Standard frequencies of single-phase power systems are either 50 or 60 Hz.

SINGLE PHASE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

EXPLAIN THREE PHASE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

In a three-phase system, three circuit conductors carry three alternating currents (of the same frequency) which reach their instantaneous peak values at one third of a cycle from each other. Taking one current as the reference, the other two currents are delayed in time by one third and two thirds of one cycle of the electric current. This delay between phases has the effect of giving constant power transfer over each cycle of the current and also makes it possible to produce a rotating magnetic field in an electric motor. Three-phase systems may have a neutral wire. A neutral wire allows the three-phase system to use a higher voltage while still supporting lower-voltage single-phase loads. In high-voltage distribution situations, it is common not to have a neutral wire as the loads can simply be connected between phases (phase-phase connection).

THREE PHASE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

EXPLAIN PROTECTION AND CONTROL SYSTEM IN SWITCHGEAR

Switchgear protection plays a vital role in modern power system network, right from generation through transmission to distribution end. The current interruption device or switching device is called circuit breaker in Switchgear protection system. The circuit breaker can be operated manually as when required and it is also operated during over current and short circuit or any other faults in the system by sensing the abnormality of system. The circuit breaker senses the faulty condition of system through protection relay and this relay is again actuated by faulty signal normally comes from current transformer or voltage transformer.

DRAW CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF SWITCHBOARD

DRAW CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF SWITCHBOARD

EXPLAIN OVERCURRENT AND EARTH FAULT RELAY TEST

In electricity supply, overcurrent or excess current is a situation where a larger than intended electric current exists through a conductor, leading to excessive generation of heat, and the risk of fire or damage to equipment. Possible causes for overcurrent include short circuits, excessive load, and incorrect design. Fuses, circuit breakers, temperature sensors and current limiters are commonly used protection mechanisms to control the risks of overcurrent

EXPLAIN PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE

The care and servicing by personnel for the purpose of maintaining equipment and facilities in satisfactory operating condition by providing for systematic inspection, detection, and correction of incipient failures either before they occur or before they develop into major defects. Maintenance, including tests, measurements, adjustments, and parts replacement, performed specifically to prevent faults from occurring. ABB low voltage AC drives preventive maintenance and reconditioning services YouTube.MP4

DEVELOP A REAL SERVICE LIST AND REPORT

DEVELOP A REAL SERVICE LIST AND REPORT

SPECIFIC The following items or tasks should always be referred to in the instruction book: 1. Breaker maintenance recommended intervals. 2. Recommended intervals of equipment maintenance. 3. Slow-closing procedures. 4. Mechanical adjustments. 5. Lubrication recommendation. 6. Repair and replacement procedures. 7. Ordering instructions for renewal parts. MAINTENANCE LIST.pdf

Switchgear arc - YouTube.FLV Arc Flash PPE Laboratory Testing Video YouTube_2.MP4 Electrical Explosions and Arcing - Revised YouTube.MP4

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