SUBJECT CODE: DSS 1013

SUBJECT NAME: Professionalism and Ethics in Education

Lecturers Name : Miss. Bawani MK.

E-mail : bawani@msu.edu.my MAY 2013 Week 8 & 9

Teachers Responsibility

ACCOUNTABILITY DEFINITION 1
Accountability means to be responsible for the decisions that you make and the will power to carry out those decisions.

CONCEPT OF ACCOUNTABILITY
Accountability is a set of procedures that collect and

combine information regarding outcomes and costs to facilitate decision-making. In teaching means efficient discharge of relevant educational services that meet professional standards. -not only mere discharge of duties by teachers but involves a high standard of teaching that reflects the competence and dedication of the teacher. Encompasses the definition of objectives, the development of practices that enable the teacher to achieve those objectives, and the assessment of the extent to which these objectives have been met.

CONCEPT OF ACCOUNTABILITY
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE RELEVANT LIMITING CONDITIONS (no performance) FOR WHAT

CONSEQUENC ES Rewards/sancti ons) OR EVALUATION USAGE TO WHOM Internal eternal

process outcome

EVALUATION DATA + STANDARD = Judgment about performance

OTHER DEFINITIONS OF ACCOUNTABILITY

Students Personal Gain Individual accountability means that the school

should have incentives to enable every student to achieve success. If tis fails and the student does not achieve the success, he has the right to seek compensation because he has suffered loss due to nonoccurrence of learning. Feedback The aim of accountability is to maintain and improve the system of education and wherever possible, to produce evidence of such an effort.

 Achievement of Objectives
Accountability in education implies that the system of

education is responsible for the achievement of educational objectives. Process for maximum results Accountability should produce maximum results for its users in a particular system. It means that a person has to explain his actions. From a wider perspective, accountability is a general report prepared by outside inspectors on students expected performance for the money spent or resources used.

This definition has 3 aspects:

1.expected students performance 2.evaluation by outside inspectors 3.general report for the public
The expected performance of the students is what the

education officer would state when he submits a proposal to seek funds from the higher authorities. The proposal would have to mention the circumstance under which the performance can be observed and the kind of instrument that would be used to measure such performance. The panel of inspectors consists of personnel who are skilled in the evaluation of students expected performance as an outcome of the funds allocated.

 The general report would enable the public to see the

extent to which the educational objectives have been achieved. The public has the right to know since they pay income tax, part of which is spent on building new schools, training new teachers and paying teachers salaries. In Malaysia, the teachers accountability needs to be reported to the Minister of Education / Minister of Higher Education.

BENEFITS OF ACCOUNTABILITY Include the following:

1.Teachers must ensure that all students learn according

to their capability.
2.Students would be motivated in their studies. 3.The emphasis on students performance would inspire teachers to try out new approaches to teaching. 4.The resources of the school would be more accessible and oriented towards the individual rather than group. 5.The evaluation will be more oriented.

6.Puts the public in the know about happenings in

schools. Brings about a closer relationship between school and society.

TYPES OF ACCOUNTABILITY
You should be accountable for :
Yourself Your profession Your students Your performance Your school Your society

ACCOUNTABILITY IN TEACHING
In the context of teaching, accountability means

efficient discharge of educational services that meet professional standards and improving the academic and moral standard of the students who are depending on you for their career and future.

AN ACCOUNTABLE TEACHER
Will help students to be motivated in their studies.

Will supervise the students performance. Will help students to achieve their career and future.

ACCOUNTABILITY IN A TEACHER
A sense of accountability in a teacher will make him : Responsible Justifiable Professional Ethical

SCOPE OF ACCOUNTABILITY
Funds
Teaching personnel Facilities Protection of primary clients Direct services Support services Other administrative services Organizational management

ANGLES OF ACCOUNTABILITY
Professional Accountability
Legal Accountability Academic Accountability Social Accountability Psychological Accountability Moral Accountability

ACCOUNTABILITY DEFINITION 2
Accountability is the responsibility that goes with

the authority to do something. The responsibility is to use authority justifiably and credibly.

ACCOUNTABILITY IN KNOWLEDGE
The teacher should master the subject he is teaching.
He should have knowledge that extends beyond just

fulfilling the needs of the syllabus. He should know more than what he is required to teach. He should be in a position to satisfy the students quest for knowledge

Accountability Towards the Parents.

As tax payers, parents have the right to expect
teachers to perform well to improve their childrens academic performance. Students with problems in learning should be assisted so that they do not drop out of school.

 Besides academic performance parents also expect teachers to inculcate noble values in their

students. They should also be taught interpersonal and intrapersonal skills. It is a fact that students with good interpersonal skills form healthy relationships with other people. Those with good intrapersonal skills are able to manage their emotions and are not overly sensitive to comments or constructive criticism. Teachers are also expected to play the role of counsellors to assist students overcome various types of problems.

Accountability Towards the Education Programme. The teacher has to constantly work towards the achievement of the
following:
1.To assist an individual to achieve overall development 2.To equip an individual with the knowledge and skills to distinguish

right from wrong, and to separate facts and opinions from prejudiced viewpoints.

3.To prepare an individual for life-long education which will enable

him to continually adapt to the changes brought about by science and technology. 4.To develop an understanding and acceptance of the democratic ideals of the constitution.
5.To help them internalize the principles of the RUKUNEGARA. 6.To equip the individual with communication skills so that he can

form healthy relationships with other people.

Accountability towards Nation

The teacher has to work towards the implementation of the National education Policy with the following focus: 1.Education as a continuous process 2.Development of an individuals potential 3.Overall and harmonious development of an individual 4.Overall and balanced development 5.Intellectual development 6.Development of the spiritual, emotional and physical aspects

CONTD
7.Belief in God
8.Producing citizens who are skilful 9.Producing citizens who are knowledgeable 10.Producing citizens who are of good moral conduct 11.Producing citizens who are responsible. 12.Producing citizens who are able to contribute

towards the harmony and progress of society and the nation.