POLITEKNIK SEBERANG PERAI JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL

DIPLOMA KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL LOJI

POWER PLANT JL 303 GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT

NAME

MATRIK NO

MOHD FAIZ BIN ABD RAZAK

LAI SUNG HING

10 DJL 10 F1039
10 DJL 10 F1016

RAZNAN BIN ABD RASHID 10 DJL 10 F1012

Gas turbine:
Air is compressed(squeezed) to high pressure by a fan-like device called the compressor. Then fuel and compressed air are mixed in a combustion chamber and ignited. Hot gases are given off, which spin the turbine wheels. Most of the turbines power runs the compressor. Part of it drives the generator/machinery.

Working principle :

Gas turbine:

Description:
Gas turbines burn fuels such as oil,

nature gas and pulverised(powdered) coal. Instead of using the heat to produce steam, as in steam turbines, gas turbines use the hot gases directly to turn the turbine blades. Gas turbines have three main parts: i) Air compressor ii) Combustion chamber iii) Turbine

Gas turbines usually operate on an open cycle, as shown in Figure 1. Fresh air at ambient conditions is drawn into the compressor, where its temperature and pressure are raised. The high-pressure air proceeds into the combustion chamber, where the fuel is burned at constant pressure. (2) The resulting high-temperature gases then enter the turbine, where they expand to the atmospheric pressure through a row of nozzle vanes.5 This expansion causes the turbine blade to spin, which then turns a shaft inside a magnetic coil. When the shaft is rotating inside the magnetic coil, electrical current is produced. The exhaust gases leaving the turbine in the open cycle are not re-circulated.

Figure 1 An Open Cycle Gas-Turbine Engine

The open gas-turbine cycle can be modeled as a closed cycle as shown in Figure 2 by utilizing the air-standard assumptions. Here the compression and expansion process remain the same, but a constant-pressure heat-rejection process to the ambient air replaces the combustion process. The ideal cycle that the working fluid undergoes in this closed loop is the Brayton cycle, which is made up of four internally reversible processes: 1-2 Isentropic compression (in a compressor) 2-3 Constant pressure heat addition 3-4 Isentropic expansion (in a turbine) 4-1 Constant pressure heat rejection (2) Figure 2 A Closed Cycle Gas-Turbine Engine

Gas turbine:

Air compressor: The air compressor and turbine are mounted at either end on a common horizontal axle(shaft), with the combustion chamber between them. Gas turbines are not self starting. A starting motor initially drives the compressor till the first combustion of fuel takes place, later, part of the turbines power runs the compressor. The air compressor sucks in air and compresses it, thereby increasing its pressure.

An Axial-Flow Compressor

Gas turbine:

Combustion chamber: In the combustion chamber, the compressed air combines with fuel and the resulting mixture is burnt. The greater the pressure of air, the better the fuel air mixture burns. Modern gas turbines usually use liquid fuel, but they may also use gaseous fuel, natural gas or gas produced artificially by gasification of a solid fuel. Note : The combination of air compressor and combustion chamber is called as gas generator.
A Combustion Chamber Can

Gas turbine:

Turbine: o The burning gases expand rapidly and rush into the turbine, where they cause the turbine wheels to rotate. o Hot gases move through a multistage gas turbine. o Like in steam turbine, the gas turbine also has fixed(stationary) and moving(rotor) blades. o The stationary blades guide the moving gases to the rotor blades and adjust its velocity. o The shaft of the turbine is coupled to a generator or machinery to drive it.

TURBINE CHAMBER

Intercooling also involves the use of a heat exchanger. An intercooler is a heat exchanger that cools compressor gas during the compression process. For instance, if the compressor consists of a high and a low pressure unit, the intercooler could be mounted between them to cool the flow and decrease the work necessary for compression in the high pressure compressor (Fig. 6b). The cooling fluid could be atmospheric air or water (e.g., sea water in the case of a marine gas turbine). It can be shown that the output of a gas turbine is increased with a well-designed intercooler.

Reheating occurs in the turbine and is a way to increase turbine work without changing compressor work or melting the materials from which the turbine is constructed. If a gas turbine has a high pressure and a low pressure turbine at the back end of the machine, a reheater (usually another combustor) can be used to"reheat" the flow between the two turbines (Fig. 6c).This can increase efficiency by 1-3%. Reheat in a jet engine is accomplished by adding an afterburner at the turbine exhaust, thereby increasing thrust, at the expense of a greatly increased fuel consumption rate. Figure 6.