MBO

Traditional MBO targets assumes the needs for systematic goal setting linking the goals of superiors to subordinates and that objectives or targets should be stated in quantitative terms whenever possible, goal setting and appraisal should be one-on-one dialogue between superiors to subordinate . However , additional conceptualization and experience indicate that MBO can vary on a autocratic-participative continuum MBO can feature a participative team approach

MBO and Appraisal Management by objective (MBO) programsManagement by objective (MBO) programsevolve from a collaborative organizationevolve from a collaborative organizationdiagnosis and are systems of joint targetdiagnosis and are systems of joint targetsetting and performance review designed tosetting and performance review designed toincrease a focus on objectives and toincrease a focus on objectives and toincrease frequency of problem solvingincrease frequency of problem solvingdiscussions between supervisors anddiscussions between supervisors andsubordinates and within work teams.subordinates and within work teams. MBO programs are unilateral, autocraticMBO programs are unilateral, autocraticmechanisms designed to force compliancemechanisms designed to force compliancewith a superiors directives and reinforce awith a superiors directives and reinforce aone-on-one leadership mode.oneon-one leadership mode

Socio technical Systems(STS)(STS) Largely associated with experiments that emerged under theLargely associated with experiments that emerged under theauspices of the Travistock Institute in Great Britain.auspices of the Travistock Institute in Great Britain. Efforts generally attempted to create a better fit among theEfforts generally attempted to create a better fit among thetechnology, structure, and social interaction of a particulartechnology, structure, and social interaction of a particularproduction unit in a mine, factory, or office.production unit in a mine, factory, or office. .

Two basic premises: Two basic premises: Effective work systems must jointly optimize the relationshipEffective work systems must jointly optimize the relationshipbetween their social and technical parts.between their social and technical parts. Such systems must effectively managed the boundary separatingSuch systems must effectively managed the boundary separatingand relating them to the environment.and relating them to the environment.

Highly participative among stakeholders: Employees, engineers,Highly participative among stakeholders: Employees, engineers,staff experts, and managers.staff experts, and managers.
Feature the formation of autonomous work groups (i.e. self-Feature the formation of autonomous work groups (i.e. self-managed).managed). Theory suggested that effectiveness, efficiency, and morale will Theory suggested that effectiveness, efficiency, and morale willbe enhanced.be enhanced

Problems in implementation:Problems in implementation: What to do with the first-line supervisors who areWhat to do with the first-line supervisors who areno longer needed as supervisors.no longer needed as supervisors. Managers that are now one level above theManagers that are now one level above theteams will likely oversee the activities of severalteams will likely oversee the activities of severalteams, and their roles will change to emphasizeteams, and their roles will change to emphasizeplanning, expediting, and coordinating.planning, expediting, and coordinating. They need considerable training to acquire They need considerable training to acquireskills in group leadership and ability toskills in group leadership and ability todelegate; skills to have participativedelegate; skills to have participativemeetings, planning, quality control,meetings, planning, quality