The information is the blood and MIS is the heart In organization.

MIS
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM SINDH UNIVERSITY LAAR CAMPUS, BADIN

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

Management Information Systems (MIS) is the study of people, technology, and organizations.

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

A management information system (MIS) provides information that is needed to manage organizations efficiently and effectively.

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

The field of management information systems involves applying computer technology, quantitative techniques, and administrative skills to the information processing requirements of organizations. MIS combines computer technology with management decision-making methods - to analyze, design, implement, and manage computerized information systems in an organizational environment.

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

MIS integrates business and computing. MIS primarily focuses on the role that computers play in human settings, either individual or organizational.

FEW MORE
The MIS is defined as a system which provides information support for decision making in the organization. The MIS is defined as an integrated system of man and machine for providing the information to support the operations, the management and the decision making function in the organization. The MIS is defined as a system based on the database of the organization evolved for the purpose of providing information to the people in the organization. The MIS is defined as a Computer based Information System.

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

The Most Important Course in the Business School! David M. Kroenke

ROLE OF THE MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

The role of the MIS in an organization can be compared to the role of heart in the body. The information is the blood and MIS is the heart In organization. In the body the heart plays the role of supplying pure blood to all the elements of the body including the brain. The heart works faster and supplies more blood when needed. It regulates and controls the incoming impure blood, processes it and sends it to the destination in the quantity needed. It fulfills the needs of blood supply to human body in normal course and also in crisis. The MIS plays exactly the same role in the organization. The system ensures that an appropriate data is collected from the various sources, processed, and sent further to all the needy destinations.

IMPACT OF THE MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

Since the MIS plays a very important role in the organization, it creates an impact on the organizations functions, performance and productivity

ADVANTAGES
Companies are able to highlight their strengths and weaknesses due to the presence of revenue reports, employees' performance record etc. The identification of these aspects can help the company improve their business processes and operations. Giving an overall picture of the company and acting as a communication and planning tool.

ADVANTAGES
The availability of the customer data and feedback can help the company to align their business processes according to the needs of the customers. The effective management of customer data can help the company to perform direct marketing and promotion activities. Information is considered to be an important asset for any company in the modern competitive world. The consumer buying trends and behaviours can be predicted by the analysis of sales and revenue reports from each operating region of the company.

MAJOR IN MIS
MIS degree provides a foundation for the analysis and design of information systems and the knowledge of application software to develop business solutions.

REASONS FOR MAJORING IN MIS

High placement rate -Demand for computer-savvy business people and business-savvy technical people is met in the MIS major. Because information systems are more strategically important now than ever, skilled professionals who understand information systems and business are in high demand. High salaries - Top MIS graduates command very competitive salaries. Job satisfaction - Information Systems professionals make a significant contribution to the competitiveness and well-being of the organizations in which they work. Fun - MIS majors are intelligent and dynamic people who can interface well with both humans and machines. Challenge - The rapid rate of change in the information systems world provides professionals with constant opportunities to learn and grow. Positions in Information Systems People who become experts in the MIS area are qualified for a large and growing number of prestigious, well paid jobs with excellent long-term career potential world-wide.

REASONS FOR MAJORING IN MIS

High placement rate Information systems are more strategically important now than ever and individuals who understand information systems and business are in high demand. MIS students have a placement rate of 95% within two months of graduation! Top MIS graduates command very competitive salaries. The average total compensation for IT jobs is around $120,640 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-11 Edition) Management Information Systems professionals make a significant contribution to the competitiveness and well-being of the organizations in which they work. They also help people and interact with a variety of personalities and levels of management/staff. MIS majors are intelligent and dynamic people who can interface well with both humans and machines. They enjoy working with people and are able to communicate well. The rapid rate of change in the information systems world provides professionals with constant opportunities to learn and grow.

High salaries

Job satisfaction

Fun
Challenge

MIS AS A MINOR
Dont think MIS will apply for your major? Think Again!

MIS not only compliments any other major, but also strengthens your overall capacity for career growth: Accounting + MIS = IT Auditor, systems auditor, or ERP consultant Marketing + MIS = Marketing Analyst or CRM Analyst Finance + MIS = Technology Analyst, Financial Systems Analyst
http://www.ait.unl.edu/siau/marketing-mis/Attachment%205.pdf

CAREER OPPORTUNITIES
MIS graduates will find career opportunities wherever computers are used in business, industry, and government. Here are just a few examples: Website management E-commerce development Decision support systems Credit and billing systems Inventory control systems Software product development Knowledge management systems and business analysis

TYPICAL JOB TITLES

Systems Analyst End-user Support Analyst Consultant Teacher-Trainer Technical Support Network Analyst IT Specialist Programmer Database Specialist Application Developer Information Security Manager Web/E-commerce System Developer

EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK
Information-technology professionals are among the most sought-after talent in the job market today - but companies seek candidates with solid speaking and writing skills because presentations to clients and working with sales and marketing teams are part of the normal job requirements.

PEOPLE PURSUE MIS

There are a lot of different profiles, but there are some traits found make great MIS professionals. Are good problem solvers Like to work with people Can think strategically about technology Like responsibility for developing and then implementing their ideas Can bridge both technology and business Can see both details and the big picture Are excellent communicators Can manage time and resources well

DUTIES AND SKILLS TO KNOW AND PERFORM IN THESE JOBS

Leadership skills Ability to work well in teams Ability to work with members of other disciplines A proactive approach to client services Ability to imagine and effect innovation Resourcefulness

ADDITIONAL SKILLS
Due to the diversity of jobs open to MIS graduates, you may also wish to acquire some of the following additional skills, depending on the career you are pursuing: Policy making; Social Implications of Information and Information Technology
National policy Standards and regulations Copyright International regulations Consumer protection Privacy

Consulting; Counseling Education; Training

Continuing education Instructional systems; computer-aided instruction Distributed education

ADDITIONAL SKILLS
Development
Long-range planning Product development

Information Dissemination
Selective dissemination Agenda setting Electronic Publishing Mass communication channels

Business Entrepreneurship Marketing and Sales

Market research Promotion Advertising

ORGANIZATIONS LOOKING FOR MIS

Federal information organizations Local and state governments International agencies Universities and colleges Health care centers and hospitals, medical schools Book and periodical publishers Database publishers Trade and professional associations Advertising agencies Research institutes, laboratories Insurance companies Foundations Legal services Banks, investment trust companies, market exchanges

ORGANIZATIONS LOOKING FOR MIS

Large and small industries Business firms Museums in the arts, humanities and science Historical agencies Consulting firms Performing arts: music and dance, theater and motion picture Information centers and information analysis centers Abstracting/indexing companies Clearinghouses, referral centers Communications industry: newspapers, wire services, radio, television Information utilities Computing centers Networks and consortia Information brokers

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM AND COMPTER

The MIS relies heavily on the hardware and software capacity of the computer and its ability to process, retrieve communicate with no serious limitations. The ability of a computer system to provide security of data brings a confidence in the management in the storage of data on a magnetic media in an impersonal mode. The computer system provides the facilities such as READ ONLY where you cannot delete to UPDATE. It provides an access to the selected information through a password and layered access facilities. The confidence nature of the data and information can be maintained in a computer system. With this ability, the MIS become a safe application in the organization.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MIS AND CS (COMPUTER SCIENCE)?

Maybe it'd be useful to compare MIS to some of the other fields related to information technology.
MIS (management information systems)
Focus Objective Core skill Organization More efficient or effective business Problem solving Determine business requirements for information systems Balanced Analyst/Designer

CS (computer science)
Software Reliable computer program Logic/procedures

ECE (electrical computer engineering)

Product Improved engineered product Engineering

Core task

Determine information Deliver information systems to processing requirements of meet defined requirements devices Applied Builder Application programmer Balanced Architect and Builder Engineer Senior engineering or product manager

Theoretical vs. applied Generic job title

Typical starting job title Business systems analyst

Career goals

Senior organizational manager

Programming manager

College home

Business

Science

Engineering

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY VS. INFORMATION SYSTEM

Information Technology (IT) - represents the various types of hardware and software used in an information system. It includes computers and networking equipment. Information System - refers to the interaction between people, processes, and technology. An information system has an information technology component that interacts with the people and processes components.

MOTIVATION

Technology is being used by more and more companies as a strategic advantage employers are looking for employees who are familiar with the technology

Are you ready?

INFORMATION IS CRITICAL

The information we have is not what we want, The information we want is not the information we need, The information we need is not available.

WHAT IS MIS?
Right Information To the right person At the right place At the right time In the right form At the right cost

WHY NEED INFORMATION?

To ensure effective and efficient decision - making leading to prosperity of the Organisation.

HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT

HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT
The concept of MIS has changed substantially over the years. In the 50s and 60s, the management saw the potential of computers to process large amounts of data speedily and accurately. The departments that were involved with such activities were known as Electronic Data Processing (EDP)departments. The focus of EDP was Record Keeping e.g. accounting data Payroll data.

HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT
In the 70s, there was a discernible shift from data to information. The focus was not on data but on the analysis of Organization data. There was a shift in the philosophy. Such a concept came to be widely known as Management Information System. right information in right time to right people

HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT
In the 70s the top management relied on the staff of EDP & MIS to supply the necessary information. The 80s saw the Personal Computer (PC) revolution.

The Personal Computer & the desk-top metaphor changed the picture completely.
The biggest pay-off for such direct use was the what-if analysis capability. This led to the emerge of Decision Support Systems (DSS).

HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT
The information and decision hungry managers of 80s saw a huge potential in the expert systems as a result of spectacular growth in the Artificial Intelligence area. Combined with DSS philosophy the expert systems could supply a superior class of managerial information support, known as Knowledge Based Systems (KBS).

HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT
The EDP targeted the operational level of management. The MIS/DSS/KBS target the middle management. Attempts were made to provide information to top management as well, known as Executive Information System (EIS).

DEVELOPMENT
Kenneth and Jane Laudon identify five eras of MIS evolution corresponding to five phases in the development of computing technology: 1) mainframe and minicomputer computing, 2) personal computers, 3) client/server networks, 4) enterprise computing, and 5) cloud computing. The first (mainframe and minicomputer) era was ruled by IBM and their mainframe computers; these computers would often take up whole rooms and require teams to run them - IBM supplied the hardware and the software. As technology advanced these computers were able to handle greater capacities and therefore reduce their cost. Smaller, more affordable minicomputers allowed larger businesses to run their own computing centers in-house.

DEVELOPMENT
The second (personal computer) era began in 1965 as microprocessors started to compete with mainframes and minicomputers and accelerated the process of decentralizing computing power from large data centers to smaller offices. In the late 1970s minicomputer technology gave way to personal computers and relatively low cost computers were becoming mass market commodities, allowing businesses to provide their employees access to computing power that ten years before would have cost tens of thousands of dollars. This proliferation of computers created a ready market for interconnecting networks and the popularization of the Internet. As the complexity of the technology increased and the costs decreased, the need to share information within an enterprise also grew, giving rise to the third (client/server) era in which computers on a common network were able to access shared information on a server. This allowed for large amounts of data to be accessed by thousands and even millions of people simultaneously. The fourth (enterprise) era enabled by high speed networks, tied all aspects of the business enterprise together offering rich information access encompassing the complete management structure.

CLOUD COMPUTING
The fifth and latest (cloud computing) era of information systems employs networking technology to deliver applications as well as data storage independent of the configuration, location or nature of the hardware. This, along with high speed cellphone and wifi networks, led to new levels of mobility in which managers access the MIS remotely with laptops, tablet PC's, and smartphones.

EDP - Focus on Data OAS - Focus on Communication MIS - Focus on Information DSS - Focus on Decision Support EIS - Focus on Decision Support for Top Management ES - Focus on Consultation AI - Focus on self-learning / thinking systems

FIVE COMPONENTS OF IS

FIVE COMPONENTS OF IS

THE COMPONENTS OF MIS

HARDWARE Input and output devices constitute the hardware components of MIS SOFTWARE The programs and applications that convert data into machine-readable language are known as software PROCEDURES Procedures are sets of rules or guidelines, which an organization establishes for the use of a computer-based information system PERSONNEL The computer experts, managers, users, analysts, programmers, database managers, and many other computer professionals who utilize the computer-based information systems are the personnel in a management information system

DATA, INFORMATION, KNOWLEDGE, AND WISDOM

According to Russell Ackoff, a systems theorist and professor of organizational change, the content of the human mind can be classified into five categories:

 Data: symbols Information: data that are processed to be useful; provides answers to "who", "what", "where", and "when" questions

Knowledge: application of data and information; answers "how" questions

Understanding: appreciation of "why" Wisdom: evaluated understanding.

A FURTHER ELABORATION OF ACKOFF'S DEFINITIONS FOLLOWS:

Data... data is raw. It simply exists and has no significance beyond its existence (in and of itself). It can exist in any form, usable or not. It does not have meaning of itself. In computer parlance, a spreadsheet generally starts out by holding data.

A FURTHER ELABORATION OF ACKOFF'S DEFINITIONS FOLLOWS:

Information... information is data that has been given meaning by way of relational connection. This "meaning" can be useful, but does not have to be. In computer parlance, a relational database makes information from the data stored within it.

A FURTHER ELABORATION OF ACKOFF'S DEFINITIONS FOLLOWS:

Knowledge... knowledge is the appropriate collection of information, such that it's intent is to be useful. Knowledge is a deterministic process. When someone "memorizes" information (as less-aspiring test-bound students often do), then they have amassed knowledge. This knowledge has useful meaning to them, but it does not provide for, in and of itself, an integration such as would infer further knowledge. For example, elementary school children memorize, or amass knowledge of, the "times table". They can tell you that "2 x 2 = 4" because they have amassed that knowledge (it being included in the times table). But when asked what is "1267 x 300", they can not respond correctly because that entry is not in their times table. To correctly answer such a question requires a true cognitive and analytical ability that is only encompassed in the next level... understanding. In computer parlance, most of the applications we use (modeling, simulation, etc.) exercise some type of stored knowledge.

A FURTHER ELABORATION OF ACKOFF'S DEFINITIONS FOLLOWS:

Understanding... understanding is an interpolative and probabilistic process. It is cognitive and analytical. It is the process by which I can take knowledge and synthesize new knowledge from the previously held knowledge. The difference between understanding and knowledge is the difference between "learning" and "memorizing". People who have understanding can undertake useful actions because they can synthesize new knowledge, or in some cases, at least new information, from what is previously known (and understood). That is, understanding can build upon currently held information, knowledge and understanding itself. In computer parlance, AI systems possess understanding in the sense that they are able to synthesize new knowledge from previously stored information and knowledge.

 Typical questions in relation to data and information include who, what, where and when, while questions relating to knowledge include how and why.

A FURTHER ELABORATION OF ACKOFF'S DEFINITIONS FOLLOWS:

Wisdom... wisdom is an extrapolative and non-deterministic, nonprobabilistic process. It calls upon all the previous levels of consciousness, and specifically upon special types of human programming (moral, ethical codes, etc.). It beckons to give us understanding about which there has previously been no understanding, and in doing so, goes far beyond understanding itself. It is the essence of philosophical probing. Unlike the previous four levels, it asks questions to which there is no (easilyachievable) answer, and in some cases, to which there can be no humanly-known answer period. Wisdom is therefore, the process by which we also discern, or judge, between right and wrong, good and bad. I personally believe that computers do not have, and will never have the ability to posses wisdom. Wisdom is a uniquely human state, or as I see it, wisdom requires one to have a soul, for it resides as much in the heart as in the mind. And a soul is something machines will never possess (or perhaps I should reword that to say, a soul is something that, in general, will never possess a machine).

WISDOM
the ability to identify truth and make correct judgments on the bases of previous knowledge, experience and insight. Within an organization, intellectual capital or organizational wisdom is the application of collective knowledge.

CLASSIFYING INFORMATION SYSTEMS

SUB-SYSTEMS

GENERALLY CLASSIFIED INTO THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Office Information Systems (OIS) Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) Management Information Systems (MIS) Decision Support Systems (DSS) Executive Information Systems (ESS) Expert Systems (ES) Group Support System (GSS) Knowledge Management System (KMS) Management Reporting system (MRS)

OFFICE INFORMATION SYSTEMS (OIS)

OIS is a system designed to support office tasks with information technology. Voice mail, multimedia systems, electronic mail, video conferencing, file transfer and even group decisions can be achieved by Office Information Systems. The final goal for OIS is to have an office environment where no paper is used (paperless environment).

TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS (TPS)

TPS is an information system that capture and process data generated during the day-to-day transactions of an organization. Example: Deposits, payments, orders or reservations.

TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS (TPS)

TPSs collect, store, modify, and retrieve the transactions of an organization. A transaction is an event that generates or modifies data that is eventually stored in an information system. It is recommended that a transaction processing system should pass the ACID test.

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (MIS)

MIS is an information system that generates accurate, timely and organized information so that managers can make decisions, solve problems, supervise activities and track progress.

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS (DSS)

DSSs serve the management, operations, and planning levels of an organization and help to make decisions, which may be rapidly changing and not easily specified in advance. Decision support systems can be either fully computerized, human or a combination of both.

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS (DSS)

DSS is an information system designed to help the user reach a decision when a decision making situation arises. DSS uses data from internal / external sources. Internal sources -sales, manufacturing, inventory,or financial for an organizations database. External sources - interest rates, populationtrends, cost of new housing construction / raw material pricing.

EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEMS(EIS)

EIS is designed to support the information needs of executive managers. Information in an EIS are presented in charts and tables that show trends, ratios and other managerial statistics. An executive information system (EIS) is a type of management information system intended to facilitate and support the information and decision-making needs of senior executives by providing easy access to both internal and external information relevant to meeting the strategic goals of the organization. It is commonly considered as a specialized form of decision support system (DSS)

EXPERT SYSTEMS (ES)

ES is an information system that captures and stores the knowledge of human experts and then imitates human reasoning and decision making processes for those who have less expertise. Example: Artificial Intelligence (AI) the application of human intelligence to computers. (Speech recognition and creative responses)

MANAGEMENT REPORTING SYSTEM (MRS)

The main objective of management reporting systems (MRS) is to provide lower and middle management with printed or electronic reports and with inquiry capabilities to help maintain operational and management control of the enterprise.

GROUP SUPPORT SYSTEM (GSS)

Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS) are a class of electronic meeting systems, a collaboration technology designed to support meetings and group work .

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (KMS)

Knowledge management systems refer to any kind of IT system that stores and retrieves knowledge, improves collaboration, locates knowledge sources, mines repositories for hidden knowledge, captures and uses knowledge, or in some other way enhances the KM process.

 A Knowledge Management System (KMS) is a computerized system designed to support the creation, storage, and dissemination of information. Such a system contains a central repository of information that is well structured and employs a variety of effective and easy to use search tools that users can use to find answers to questions quickly.