DATA RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

PGDM Trimester I

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Explain the business value of implementing data resource management processes and technologies in an organization. 2. Outline the advantages of a database management approach to managing the data resources of a business, compared to a file processing approach.

IT Application in management, 2012

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
3. Explain how database management software helps business professionals and supports the operations and management of a business. Provide examples to illustrate each of the following concepts:
Major types of databases. Data warehouses and data mining. Logical data elements. Fundamental database structures.
IT Application in management, 2012 3

4.

WHY STUDY DATA RESOURCE MANAGEMENT?

Todays business enterprises cannot survive or succeed without quality data about their internal operations and external environment. Database systems process and organize large amounts of data Examples:
Marketing manager: access customer data, their web habits and past purchases HR manager: Analyze the impact of raises, employee insurance benefits and retirement contributions on long term costs to a company. IT Application in management, 2012

DATA RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Definition: A managerial activity that applies information systems technologies to the task of managing an organizations data resources to meet the information needs of their business stakeholders

IT Application in management, 2012

INTRODUCTION
Database: an organized collection of data Database help an organization to achieve its goal

It also help in generate information to reduce costs, increase profits, track past business activities and open new market opportunities. It provides an essential foundation for an organization's information and DSS.
Also a foundation of most systems development IT Application in management, 2012 projects.
6

INTRODUCTION
Database management system (DBMS): group of programs to manage database
Manipulates database Provides an interface between database and the user of the database and other application programs

Database administrator (DBA): skilled IS professional who directs all activities related to an organizations database

IT Application in management, 2012

THE HIERARCHY OF DATA

Bit (a binary digit): represents a circuit that is either on or off Byte: typically made up of eight bits Character: a byte represents a character; the basic building block of information
Can be an uppercase letter, lowercase letter, numeric digit, or special symbol

Field: typically a name, number, or combination of characters that describes an aspect of a business object or activity
IT Application in management, 2012 8

THE HIERARCHY OF DATA (CONTINUED)

Record: collection of related data fields File: collection of related records Database: collection of integrated and related files Hierarchy of data
Bits, characters, fields, records, files, and databases

IT Application in management, 2012

THE HIERARCHY OF DATA (CONTINUED)

IT Application in management, 2012

10

THE HIERARCHY OF DATA (CONTINUED)

IT Application in management, 2012

11

DATA ENTITIES, ATTRIBUTES, AND KEYS

Entity: generalized class of people, places, or things (objects) for which data is collected, stored, and maintained Attribute: characteristic of an entity Data item: specific value of an attribute Key: field or set of fields in a record that is used to identify the record
Primary key: field or set of fields that uniquely identifies the record
IT Application in management, 2012 12

DATA ENTITIES, ATTRIBUTES, AND KEYS

Keys and Attributes

IT Application in management, 2012 13

LOGICAL DATA ELEMENTS

IT Application in management, 2012

14

TRADITIONAL FILE PROCESSING

Definition: Data are organized, stored, and processed in independent files of data records

IT Application in management, 2012

15

PROBLEMS OF FILE PROCESSING

Data Redundancy same piece of data could be duplicated in several places by several applications Leads to data inconsistency and data integrity Program-Data Dependence It refers to the coupling of data stored in files and the specific programs required to update and maintain those files such that changes in programs require changes to the data Lack of flexibility - A traditional file system can deliver routine scheduled reports after extensive programming efforts, but it cannot deliver ad hoc reports or respond to unanticipated information requirements in a timely fashion. Poor Security difficult to enforce Lack of Data sharing and availability- Because pieces of information in different files and different parts of the IT Application in management, 2012 17 organization cannot be related to one another, it is

DATABASE MANAGEMENT APPROACH

Consolidates data records into one database that can be accessed by many different application programs. Software interface between users or application programs and databases Data definition is stored once, separately from application programs

IT Application in management, 2012

18

DATABASE MANAGEMENT APPROACH

IT Application in management, 2012

19

THE DATABASE APPROACH (CONTINUED)

IT Application in management, 2012

20

THE DATABASE APPROACH (CONTINUED)

Advantages of the Database Approach

IT Application in management, 2012 21

THE DATABASE APPROACH (CONTINUED)

Advantages of the Database Approach (continued)

IT Application in management, 2012 22

THE DATABASE APPROACH (CONTINUED)

Disadvantages of the Database Approach

IT Application in management, 2012 23