Lets Get Started!

1. TJ chose the dotted line (B) to represent a hydrogen bond. Do you agree with TJ? Write why you do or do not agree.

2. Write why water is referred to as a polar molecule.

73%
60%
0.007% of all water on earth

97.5%

Rate Your Self!

Before
1 2 3 4 1 2

After
3 4

Waters Emergent Properties

1. 2.

Emergent Properties of H 2O 3. 4.

Chemistry of water
Water is a POLAR molecule. This means it has covalent bonds that do not share electrons equally. The oxygen is slightly negative, the hydrogens are slightly positive.

Chemistry of Water
Water molecules form HYDROGEN BONDS with other water molecules. The positive Hs are attracted to negative Os This creates a weak bond, and a sticky molecule

Video!

What makes water sticky?

Cohesion
Surface tension
Is a measure of how hard it is to break the surface of a liquid Is related to cohesion

Cohesion
Cohesion and Adhesion Helps pull water up through the microscopic vessels of plants (capillarity) Capillary action Adhesion = water sticks to other surfaces Transpiration = the movement of water through a plant leading to evaporation through the stomata

Water conducting cells

Figure 3.3

100 m

Cohesion Concept Map

1. Cohesion
Is due to hydrogen bonding where water sticks to other water molecules Like molecules bonding to each other (water attracting other water molecules) Surface tension Is a measure of how hard it is to break the surface of a liquid Capillary action Helps pull water up through the microscopic vessels of plants (capillarity) Adhesion water sticks to other surfaces Transpiration the movement of water through a plant leading to evaporation through the stomata

Mixtures and Solutions

A mixture is a combination of substances in which the individual components retain their own properties.

For example, if you mixed sand and sugar, you could still tell the individual grains apart.

Mixtures and Solutions

A solution is a combination of substances in which the individual components combine and form a new, different substance. For example, Kool-aid powder dissolves in water to make a tasty drink.

2. Universal Solvent

The Solvent of Life Universal Solvent

Water is a good solvent due to its polarity Polar molecules surround positive and negative ions Water (solvent) dissolves salt (solute) creating an aqueous solutions

Draw this picture on the front panel and color it! 2. Universal Solvent

Hydrophilic The prefix Hydro hmmm

Hydrophilic means water loving Substances that are hydrophilic have an affinity for water They are also polar and dissolve easily

Hydrophobic
Hydrophobic means water-fearing Substances that are hydrophobic do not have an affinity for water and do not dissolve They are also non-polar Examples include oil, wax, and fat

Universal Solvent Concept Map

1. Universal Solvent
Water is a good solvent due to its polarity Water (solvent) dissolves salt (solute) creating an aqueous solutions Hydrophilic means water loving They are also polar and dissolve easily Hydrophobic means water-fearing do not dissolve They are also non-polar Examples include oil, wax, and fat

Reflection
Water is essential for life. Its special properties make water the single most important molecule in plant life. What property of water enables it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants and why? Slap it on the wall!