Professional Documents
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RESEARCH
Presented to Dr. V. D. Nayak
VEER NARMAD SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY
TERM USED
RESEARCH TECHNIQUES – METHODS
Techniques :
Behaviour and instruments used in research operations
Examples:
• Scales, recording techniques, longitudinal / cross sectional
collection of data, etc.
Methods :
Behavior and instruments used in selecting and constructing
technique
Examples:
• Observation, questionnaire, interview, [a range of approaches
used to gather data]
• case study, etc.
SO CALLED DEFERENCE
Methods are more general than techniques.
Methods & Techniques are used in performing research
operations, i.e..,
• Collection of data
QUANTITATIVE
Based on the measurement of quantity or amount
TYPES OF RESEARCH
TYPES OF RESEARCH
BASIC RESEARCH
APPLIED RESEARCH
EMPIRICAL RESEARCH
Relays on experience or observation
OTHER TYPES
1. Cross sectional- One time v/s Longitudinal-
Developmental & Trend or prediction studies (the
time domain)
2. Field setting v/s Lab / Simulation research
3. Clinical v/s diagnostic studies
4. Exploratory v/s Formulated (the degree of formulation
of the problem) studies
5. Historical studies (Greater part of it is quantitative)
6. Content Analysis (one such quantitative method –a
multipurpose method developed specifically for
investigating a broad spectrum of problems in which
the contents of communication serve as a basis of
inference. Example: word usage rates, word counts,
etc.
7. Correlational research
8. Conclusion oriented or decision oriented research
TYPES OF APPROACHES
DESCRIPTIVE
No control over variables as not knowing the full details about them
ANALYTICAL
Thank u