1

Pemex Short Course

Offshore Drilling
Lesson 1
Introduction
2
Lesson 1 - Introduction
Floating Drilling Outline
Floating Drilling Vessels
Types of Motion
Types of Waves
When is Drilling Possible (WOW)
Vessel Capacities
Movement of Liquids
3
Instructor: Jerome J. Schubert

Phone: 979/862-1195

E-mail: schubert@spindletop.tamu.edu
Introduction - contd
4
Drilling Lessons:
Can be found on the web at:


http://pumpjack.tamu.edu/~schubert/



Introduction - contd
5
1. Floating Drilling: Equipment and its Use,
Practical Drilling Technology, Vol.2, by Riley
Sheffield, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston,
TX, 1980.

2. Applied Drilling Engineering, by Adam T.
Bourgoyne Jr., Martin E. Chenevert. Keith K.
Millheim and F.S. Young. SPE Textbook Series,
Vol. 2, Society of Petroleum Engineers,
Richardson, TX, 1991.
References
6
1. IADC Deepwater Well Control Guidelines,
Published by the International Association of
Drilling Contractors, Houston, TX, 1998.
281-578-7171

2. Design for Reliability in Deepwater
Drilling Operations, by L. M. Harris. The
Petroleum Publishing Company, Tulsa, OK,
1979.
References
7
3. An Introduction to Marine Drilling, by
Malcolm Maclachlan. Daytons Oilfield
Publications Limited, P. O. Box 11, Ledbury,
Herefordshire HR8 1BN, England, 1987.

4. Drilling Engineering, A complete Well
Planning Approach, by Neal Adams and
Tommie Carrier. PennWell Publishing
Company, Tulsa, OK, 1985.
References - contd
8
5. Practical Well Planning and Drilling
Manual, by Steve Devereux. PennWell
Publishing Company, Tulsa, OK, 1998.

6. Oilwell Drilling Engineering, Principles
and Practice, by H. Rabia. Graham &
Trotman. Printed by The Alden Press,
Oxford, UK, 1985.
References - contd
9
Schedule
Introduction to Class,
Deepwater Platforms
Floating Vessels,
Types of Motion, Station Keeping
Wellheads and BOPs in Floating Drilling
Drilling Risers, High Pressure Riser
Motion Compensation
10
Schedule
Pore Pressure and Prediction
Fracture Gradients
LWD and Formation Test
Special Problems in Floating Drilling
Shallow water Flows; Hydrates
Dual Gradient Drilling

11
Schedule
Special Applications
Well Control

12
Drilling Rigs

Drilling Systems

Drilling Rigs

13
Drilling Team
Drilling Rigs
Rig Power System
Hoisting System
Circulating System . . .
Rotary Drilling

14
The Rotary System
The Well Control System
Well-Monitoring System
Special Marine Equipment
Drilling Cost Analysis

Examples
Rotary Drilling - contd
15
Noble
Drillings
Cecil
Forbes

A Jack-Up
Rig
16
Sonats
George
Washington
A Semi-
Submersible
Rig
17
Zapatas
Trader

A Drillship
18
19
TENSION LEG PLATFORM
20
Shells
Bullwinkle

Worlds tallest
offshore structure

1,353 water
depth

Production
began in 1989
45,000 b/d
80MM scf/d
21
Fig. 1.5

Classification of
rotary drilling rigs
22

Drilling Operations
Field Engineers, Drilling Foremen

A. Well planning prior to SPUD
B. Monitor drilling operations
C. After drilling, review drilling results and
recommend future improvements
- prepare report.
D. General duties.
What are the well requirements?
Objectives, safety, cost
23
Criteria for determining
depth limitation
Derrick
Drawworks
Mud Pumps
Drillstring
Mud System
Blowout Preventer
Power Plant
24
A Rotary Rig
Hoisting System
25
Projection of
Drilling Lines
on Rig Floor
TOTAL
E = efficiency = P
h
/P
i
= W/(n F
f
) or F
f
= W/(nE) (1.7)
26
Load on Derrick
(considering friction in sheaves)
Derrick Load = Hook Load
+ Fast Line Load
+ Dead Line Load

F
d
= W + F
f
+ F
s

(
F W
W
En
W
n
E En
En
W
d
= + +
+ +
|
\

|
.
| =
1
E = overall efficiency: E = e
n
e.g., if individual sheave efficiency = 0.98 and n = 8, then E = 0.851
27
Example 1.2
A rig must hoist a load of 300,000 lbf. The
drawworks can provide an input power to the
block and tackle system as high as 500 hp.
Eight lines are strung between the crown block
and traveling block. Calculate
1. The static tension in the fast line
when upward motion is impending,
2. the maximum hook horsepower
available,
28
Example 1.2, cont.
3. the maximum hoisting speed,
4. the actual derrick load,
5. the maximum equivalent derrick
load, and,
6. the derrick efficiency factor.

Assume that the rig floor is arranged as
shown in Fig. 1.17.
29
Solution
1. The power efficiency for n = 8 is
given as 0.841 in Table 1.2. The tension
in the fast line is given by Eq. 1.7.


lb
n E
W
F 590 , 44
8 * 841 . 0
000 , 300
= = =
( alternatively, E = 0.98
8
= 0.851 )
30
Solution
2. The maximum hook horsepower
available is

P
h
= E-p
i
= 0.841(500) = 420.5 hp.
---
31
Solution
3. The maximum hoisting speed is given by

v
P
W
b
h
=
=
|
\

|
.
|

hp
ft - lbf / min
hp
300,000 lbf
= 46.3 ft / min
420 5
33 000
.
,
32
Solution to 3., cont.
To pull a 90-ft stand would require


t
90
1 9
ft
46.3 ft / min
. min.
33
Solution
4. The actual derrick load is given by
Eq.1.8b:
F
E En
En
W
d
=
+ +
|
\

|
.
|
|
\

|
.
|
1
=
1+0.841+0.841(8)
0.841(8)
(300,000)
= 382,090 lbf.
34
Solution
5. The maximum equivalent load is given
by Eq.1.9:
lbf F
W
n
n
F
de
de
000 , 450
000 , 300 *
8
4 8 4
=
|
.
|

\
|
+
=
|
.
|

\
|
+
=
35
Solution
6. The derrick efficiency factor is:
000 , 450
090 , 382
F
F
E
de
d
d
= =
84.9% or 849 . 0 E
d
=
36
Drillship
- moored
37
38
Heave
Surge
Sway

Roll
Pitch
Yaw
39
Motions restricted to the horizontal plane
SURGE: Translation fore and aft (X-axis)
SWAY: Translation port and starboard (Y-axis)
YAW: Rotation about the Z-axis (rotation about
the moonpool)

Motions that operate in vertical planes
HEAVE: Translation up and down (Z-axis)
ROLL: Rotation about the X-axis
PITCH: Rotation about the Y-axis
Vessel Motions
40
41
Wave Direction
Beam Waves
Quartering Waves
Head
Waves
42
43
44
Significant Wave Height, ft

Roll vs. Significant Wave Height
45
Significant wave height is the average height
of the 1/3 highest waves in a sample.

EXAMPLE The significant wave height in the
following sample is 24 ft.

7, 21, 19, 11, 18, 26, 13, 17, 25

[ Sign. WH = (21 + 26 + 25) / 3 = 24 ft ]

Avg. WH = (7, 21, 19, 11, 18, 26, 13, 17, 25) / 3 = 17.4 ft
What is Significant Wave Height?
46
Significant Wave Height, ft
Heave vs. Significant Wave Height
47
Heave vs. Wave Approach Angle
BOW BEAM
48
Roll & Pitch vs. Wave Approach Angle
BOW BEAM
49
Typical Vessel Motion Limits - Criteria
Operation Wave Height Heave
ft ft

Drilling Ahead 30 10
Running and
Setting Casing 22 6
Landing BOP and Riser 15 3
Transferring Equipment 15 -

50
51
SHIP
SEMI
10% vs. 1.5 %
52
53
54
What is lt ?
55
Some Definitions
Freeboard

Draft
Width
56
57
G = center of gravity. B = center of buoyancy
G is
above B!
58
u
NOTE:
B has moved!
GZ =
righting
arm
59
60
Dynamic Stability - for certification
61
Dynamic Stability
For adequate stability, the area under the
righting moment curve to the second
intercept or to the down-flooding angle,
whichever is less, must be a given amount
in excess of the area under the wind
heeling moment curve to the same limiting
angle. The excess of this area must be at
least 40% for shiplike vessels and 30% for
column-stabilized units (see Fig. above).
62
Free Surface Effects
CG moves!
63
Tall, narrow tank is more stable ...
64
Effect of Fluid Level in Tank
65
66
Effect of Partitions in Tank
67
The Vessel - Classification
Three classification societies are particularly
important to offshore drilling. These societies are: