BEng (Hons) Petroleum Engineering

Course: Introduction To Petroleum Engineering Instructor Dr. Tarek Darwich

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Course Outlines:
What is Petroleum Engineering? The Life Cycle of Oil and Gas projects, Origin, formation and accumulation of Petroleum, Oil & Gas Exploration, Appraisal of Oil & Gas Discoveries, Development of Oil & Gas Discoveries, Producing Oil & Gas Fields, Transportation of Oil & Gas, The Petroleum Industry & the Environment, Petroleum Economics.
Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Formation Evaluation
Formation evaluation is the analysis and interpretation of core data, log data, well test data, in terms of the nature of the formation and the fluids content. Main parameters evaluated
Lithology Rock properties (porosity and permeability) Fluids types and saturation

Well data include:

Mud logging Core data (routine and special core analysis) Well logging (wireline and while drilling Downhole pressure data and fluid sampling Formation testing

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Drill Stem Test (DST)

Typical Offshore Layout for an exploration Well Test

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Drill Stem Test (DST)

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Drill Stem Test (DST)

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Drill Stem Test (DST)

In general, well logs provide initial information on fluid types and producibility. Testing provides confirmation, detailed fluid properties, accurate pressure measurements and production evaluation. Drill Stem test can be conducted in a an open or cased hole. Failure of packers against wall in open-hole is a common problem.

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Well Testing Applications

There are many applications of well testing but they may be grouped into four fundamental classes:
Formation pressure measurement

Permeability and skin (degree of formation damage or stimulation)

Formation fluids characterisation Reservoir characterisation

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Well Testing Applications

Formation Pressure Measurement:
Static reservoir pressure measurement and depletion determination Determining the inflow performance relationship of the well (IPR), productivity index (PI) and absolute open flow potential (AOFP).

Infinite Acting Radial Flow

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Well Testing Applications

Formation Pressure Measurement:
The IPR of a well is a relationship between its producing bottom-hole pressure and production rate under a given reservoir condition. It indicates the producing characteristics of the well.

AOFP
J = Q / (Pr Pwf) J is the productivity index PI Q is the flow rate Pr is the reservoir pressure Pwf is the bottom-hole flowing pressure

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Well Testing Applications

Permeability & Skin:
The transient pressure data (and associated measurements) are interpreted to give information on reservoir dynamic parameters that are relevant to fluid flow. This information is mainly formation permeability and any occurrence of skin (formation damage or enhancement that may impair or enhance the flow.

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Well Testing Applications

Permeability & Skin:

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Well Testing Applications

Multi-rate Testing

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Well Testing Applications

Formation Fluid Characterisation:
Well testing enables reservoir samples collecting representative

Well testing also enables characterising the fluid composition, its phase behaviour and the PressureVolume-Temperature (PVT) properties.

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Well Testing Applications

Formation Fluid Characterisation:
Initial Reservoir Conditions Path of Production

CP

Pressure

75%

50% 25%

Separator Conditions

Temperature

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Well Testing Applications

Formation Fluid Characterisation:

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Well Testing Applications

Formation Fluid Characterisation:

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Well Testing Applications

Formation Fluid Characterisation:

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Well Testing Applications

Formation Fluid Characterisation:

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Well Testing Applications

Formation Fluid Characterisation:

Gas Formation Volume Factor:

P1V1=z1RT PscVsc=RTsc Bg=V1/Vsc=(14.7/520)*z*T/P

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Well Testing Applications

Formation Fluid Characterisation:

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Well Testing Applications

Reservoir Characterisation:
The pressure response during a well test provides the characteristic signature of reservoir fluid flow events that will be interpreted in terms of barriers, heterogeneities and reservoir volume. Well Testing enables:

Determining the total reservoir pore volume connected to the tested well.
Determining the reservoir boundary configurations such as impermeable barriers Characterising reservoir heterogeneities such as layered systems and natural fractures Quantifying vertical and horizontal reservoir communications.

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Well Testing Applications

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Well Testing Applications

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Well Testing Applications

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Well Testing Applications

Year 2012 - 2013

Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Well Testing Applications

Year 2012 - 2013