Fuzzy Relations

and Functions
By
P. D. Olivier, Ph.D., P.E.
From
Driankov, Hellendoorn, Reinfrank
Classical to Fuzzy Relations
A classical relation is a set of tuples
Binary relation (x,y)
Ternary relation (x,y,z)
N-ary relation (x
1
,x
n
)
Connection with Cross product
Married couples
Nuclear family
Points on the circumference of a circle
Sides of a right triangle that are all integers
Characteristic Function
Any set has a characteristic function.
A relation is a set of points
Review definition of characteristic function
Apply this definition to a set defined by a
relation
Properties of some binary relations
Reflexive
Anti-reflexive
Symmetric
Anti-symmetric
Transitive
Equivalence
Partial order
Total order
Assignment: Classify: =,<,>,<=,>=

Fuzzy Relations
Let U and V be universes and let the function
: [0,1]
R
U V
Continuous relations
( , ) /( , )
R
U V
R u v u v

=
}
Discrete relations
( , ) /( , )
R
U V
R u v u v

Example 2.50
{1, 2, 3} U =
" " 1/(1,1) 1(2, 2) 1/(3, 3)
.8/(1, 2) .8/(2, 3) .8/(2,1) .8/(3, 2)
.3/(1, 3) .3(3,1)
~ = + +
+ + + +
+ +
Universe of Discourse
Approximately Equals
1
( , ) .8 | | 1
.3 | | 2
R
when x y
x y when x y
when x y

=


= =
`

=
)
Tabular
Example 2.51: Much taller than
( , ) ( ; 0, 20)
R
x y x y = I
Express the relation as an integral
Example 2.52: IF-Then Rule
Programming If-Then
, If e is PB and e is PS then u is NM
Convert to integral form using two versions of
AND
Operations on Fuzzy Relations
R = x considerably larger than y
S = y very close to x
Intersection of R and S (T-norms)
Union of R and S (S-norms)
Projection
Cylindrical extension
Projection
Simple case 1:
sup ( , ) /
x R
Y
R X Y
proj R on Y x y y
c
}
Case 2:
,
sup ( , , ) /
x y R
Y
R X Y Z
proj R on Z x y z y
proj R on X
proj R on Y
proj R on X Y
proj R on X Z
proj R on Y Z

}
General
case
Example 2.60


Example 2.58
Each x is assigned the highest
membership degree from all tuples with
that x
Projections reduce the number of
variables
Extensions increase the number of
variables
Cylindrical Extension
Extension from 1 D to 2 D
( ) ( ) /( , )
F
X Y
ce F y x y

=
}
Extension form 2D to 3 D
( ) ( , ) /( , , )
F
X Y Z
ce F y z x y z

=
}
proj ce(S) on V = S
ce(proj R on V) <>R
Composition
Combines fuzzy sets and fuzzy relations
with the aid of cylindrical extension and
projection. Denoted with a small circle.
Draw picture of composition of functions
Intersection can be accomplished with any
T norm
Projection can be accomplished with any
S norm

Extension Principle
Allows for the combination of fuzzy and non-
fuzzy concepts
Very important
Allows mathematical operations on fuzzy sets
The extension of function f, operating on A
1
, ,
A
n
results in the following membership function
for F
1
1
1
1
,...
( ,... )
( ) sup min( ( ),..., ( ))
n
n
n
F A A n
u u
f u u v
v u u
=
=
When f
-1
exists. Otherwise, 0.