Problem Set A

Area A: (78, 88, 87, 88, 83, 82, 81, 80, 80, 89) Area B: (78, 78, 83, 81, 78, 81, 81, 82, 76, 76) Area C: (79, 73, 79, 75, 77, 78, 80, 78, 83, 84) Area D: (77, 69, 75, 70, 74, 83, 80, 75, 76, 75)
Consider all the aspects of marine reserves are of equal except for size. Area A was twice the size of the other Areas. Does it have an effect on the overall size of species?

10 Acanthurus olivaceous was collected and measured(cm)

The data is Parametric.

Problem Set A: One way Anova

A One-Way Analysis of Variance is a way to test the equality of three or more means at one time by using variances. Anova provides one overall test to judge the equality of the population means

One Way anova is used for Problem set A because:

We are making a comparison between the areas. The data is unpaired, nominal, and univariate The data is parametric

Problem Set A: One way Anova

N = 40, n = 10, K= 4 CM = (79.25)2/10 = 628.06 SS = 252020 628.06 = 251391.94 SST =(((83.6) 2 + (79.4) 2 + (78.6) 2+ (75.4) 2)/40) 628.06 = 1887.584 SSE = Total SS - SST = 251391.94 - 1887.584 = 249504.356

MST = SST/K-1 = 1887.584/3 = 629.19 MSE = SSE/n-k = 249504.356/6 = 41584.06 F = MST/MSE = 0.001513

Problem Set A: One way Anova

Ho = Mean1 = Mean2 = Mean3 = Mean4 Hi = Significant difference between mean = 1 = 4 1 = 3 Df2 = n k = 40 4 = 36 Fcrit = 2.84 K = 4, N=40 SST =
2 -CM=

225637

SSE = Total SS SST = 403779.144

MSE = SSE/N-K = 11216.08733

MST = SST/k-1 = 75212.61867 F = MST/MSE = 6.71 Alpha = 0.05 F>Fcrit Hi = Accepted There is a significant effect to the overall size of the fishes

CM=Xi2/N
=31672/40 = 250747.225 Total SS= (Xi2)-CM Total SS = 629417.775

Grand Mean = 79.175

Problem Set B
Area A: (78, 88, 87, 88, 83, 82, 81, 80, 80, 89) Area B: (78, 78, 83, 81, 78, 81, 81, 82, 76, 76) Area C: (79, 73, 79, 75, 77, 78, 80, 78, 83, 84) Area D: (77, 69, 75, 70, 74, 83, 80, 75, 76, 75) Consider all the aspects of marine reserves are of equal except for size. Area A was twice the size of the other Areas. Does it have an effect on the overall number of species? 10 counting stations were designated for each areas. For 10 minutes, the biologist will count the number of fishes The data is Non-parametric.

Problem Set B: Kruskal-Wallis Test

The Kruskal-Wallis Test is the non-parametric alternative to ANOVA test for completely randomized design. It is used to detect differences in locations among more than two population distributions based on independent random sampling.

Kruskal-Wallis Test is used for Problem Set B because:

We are also making a comparison between the areas The data is unpaired, univariate and ordinal The data is non-parametric

A (rank) 78 (16.6) 88 (38.5) 87 (37) 88 (38.5) 83 (33.5) 82 (30.5) 81 (27.5) 80 (23.5) 80 (23.5) 89 (40)

B (rank) 78 (16.5) 78 (16.5) 83 (23.5) 81 (27.5) 78 (16.5) 81 (27.5) 81 (27.5) 82 (30.5) 76 (9.5) 76 (9.5)

C (rank) 79 (20.5) 73 (2) 79 (20.5) 75 (5.5) 77 (12.5) 78 (16.5) 80 (23.5 78 (16.5) 83 (33.5) 84 (36)

D (rank) 77 (12.5) 69 (1) 75 (5.5) 76 (9.5) 74 (3) 83 (23.5) 80 (23.5) 75 (5.5) 76 (9.5) 75 (5.5)

12 = 40 40 + 1

3092 2152 1872 1092 + + + 3 (40 + 1) 10 10 10 10 3 = 18855.6 123 410

= 14.97 There is significant difference between the number Of fishes in each marine reserve.

XFX

Relationship between Anova and Kruskal-Wallis

Anova Kruskal-Wallis -Both are used in comparison between three or more groups based on independent random sampling -Both are used for unpaired and univariate groups

-For nominal data

-Used when data is parametric

-For ordinal data

-Used when data is non-parametric