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Contents
Drawing tools Drawing sheets and layout Lettering Lines Scale Abbreviations
Overview
Engineering graphics communication involves the use of visual material to convey technical ideas and problem solutions. Engineering or technical drawing one of the most widely used method. Definition of drawing:
A graphic representation of an idea, concept or an entity which actually or potentially exists in life.
Overview
Importance:
A way of communication between engineers at all stages of the design & problem solving from initial ideas, design, analysis & manufacturing. For Visualisation, Communication and Documentation
Visualisation The ability to mentally picture things that do not exist in front of the eyes.
Overview
Types of drawing :
R2.5
15
10 10
Overview
Sketching
Sketching
Technical sketching is the process of producing a rough preliminary drawing representing the main features of a product or structure Normally done by freehand, generally less finished, less structured/ restricted, & take less time to produce
Sketching
Technical sketches
Used extensively in the first stage of design process to visualise or convey ideas An informal tool used by everyone involved in the design & manufacture of a product
Sketching
Sketching tool
Straight line sketch Circle & arc Component (proportional sketch) Pictorial sketch
In sketching, proportionality is important. Even though it is a freehand sketch, the lines should be relatively sharp and straight for a good quality sketch.
Mechanical
Sketched
Sketching
Sketching
Sketching circle
Sketching circle Sketching component (proportional)
Sketching
Engineering graphics
Drawings are widely used in engineering applications: manufacturing, design, structural, electrical, etc. Standards and conventions
To ensure everybody using the same method Commonly used: ANSI, ASME, ISO, JIS, MS, DIN, BS
Producing engineering drawings Interpreting engineering drawings Graphics theory, visualisation, standards, conventions, applications,etc.
Engineering graphics
MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005 MEMB113 | MANUAL DRAWING | CHAPTER 1
R2.5
15
10 10
Drawing layout
What is drawing layout? Example of engineering drawing with layout Paper size Components of a layout Title block Our layout
Drawing layout
Drawing layout
Drawing sheets paper sizes Usually based on 'A' series Drawing sheets material paper, linen, plastic film Drawing sheet layout Sheet frames or border Usually 20mm for A0 & A1, 10mm for others Title block or title frame Represents general information source for a drawing Usually at bottom righthand corner
A2 A1 A4 A3 A4
A4 : 297 X 210
A5 : 210 X 148 A6 : 148 X 105 All in mm
Revision Table A revision table is normally located in the upper right of the drawing frame, or at the bottom on the left side of the title block. All modifications to the drawing should be documented here.
Material or Parts List If the drawing contains a number of parts, or if it is an assembly drawing, a tabulated parts list is attached to the bottom right of the drawing frame, just above the title block. The parts list should give the following information: the part number the part name the quantity required material specifications the drawing number of each individual part other applicable information When the parts list is very large a separate drawing sheet may be used for the parts list alone.
Zoning A drawing may be divided up into a grid using letters and numbers. When zoning is used it is located inside the drawing frame. Zoning allows easy references to various parts of the drawing by referencing a coordinate such as C7. Title Block The title block is normally placed in the bottom right of the drawing frame, and it should contain the following information: - the name of the company or organization - the title of the drawing - the drawing number, which is generally a unique filing identifier - the scale - the angle of projection used, either first or third, generally shown symbolically - the signature or initials of the draftsman, checker, approving officer, and issuing officer, with the respective dates -other information as required
http://www.metrication.com/drafting/layout.htm
A title block is the form on which the actual drawing is a section. The title block includes the border and the various sections for providing quality, administrative and technical information. The importance of the title block cannot be minimised as it includes all the information which enables the drawing to be intepreted, identified and archived. E.g.
Our layout
regular paper size drawing frame
10mm
10mm
Paper Size : A2 (594mm x 420mm) Border width : 10mm all round Lettering height : 7mm
10mm
150 30 10 30 45
150
NO.
SCALE
SECTION
DRAWN BY MY FULL NAME IS VERY LONG ME 000000 SEC 01A DATE: 04/07/2005 CHECKED BY
Lettering
Text is an important part of a technical drawing. Not all info required on technical dwg can be communicate graphically such as dimensions. One method of creating text is by freehand lettering. The standard style for freehand lettering is singlestroke Gothic lettering.
Lettering
MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | 2005 MEMB113 | MANUAL DRAWING | CHAPTER 2
Should be neat, not sloppy Should be uniform and consistent i.e. same height, proportion & inclination use guidelines Should have proper spacing of letters and words Should not contain unnecessary frills Should use capital letters except for standard abbreviation e.g. mm, kg Recommended minimum height 2.5mm Recommended height 5mm to 7mm Underlining of lettering should be avoided
Lines
Different line types for different purposes - to ensure drawing to be read quickly & accurately Types of lines and thickness of line Commonly used line types & thickness:
Pencil B/2B/
0.5mm
Usage
Example
Drawing outlines & visible edges Hatching, dimension & projection lines Limit of partial view Hidden detail Center lines
2H/H/
0.3mm
B/2B/
0.5mm
Continuous wavy thick Dashed thin Long & short dash thin
2H/H/
0.3mm
2H/H/
0.3mm
Lines
Scale
What does it mean? Scale indicates the relative size of the drawing object with the real object Scale used should always be stated on drawing a very important info that is usually written in the title block. 'do not scale' / 'not to scale / NTS the drawing is not drawn to a certain scale Recommended scale 1:1 for full size for greater than full size 2:1 for twice full size 10:1 for ten times full size for reduced size Actual 1:2 for half full size 1:1 size 1:10 for tenth full size other common scale 1:5, 1:20, 1:50, 1:100, 1:500 etc.
2:1 1:2
Abbreviations
Word/phrase Assembly Centre line Chamfer Countersink Counterbore Material Maximum Minimum Number Pitch Circle Diameter Radius Required Abbreviations ASSY CL or CHAM CSINK CBORE MATL MAX MIN NO PCD RAD or R REQD
Word/phrase Cylinder Diameter External Figure Hexagon Internal Specification Square Standard MAX MATL condition Volume Weight
Abbreviations CYL DIA or EXT FIG HEX INT SPEC SQ STD MMC VOL WT
References: - Engineering Drawing, A.W. Boundy, McGraw-Hill, 2000 - Fundamentals of Graphics Communication 3rd Edition, Gary Bertoline & Eric Weibe, McGraw-Hill