Review

Ch 1 2

Review Ch.1
What are the basic differences in orientation between financial and managerial Accounting ? Managerial accounting is concerned with providing information to managers for use within the organization. Financial accounting is concerned with providing information to stockholders, creditors, and others outside of the organization. What are the major differences between financial and managerial accounting?

Comparison of Financial and Managerial Accounting

Financial Accounting
1. Users 2. Time focus 3. Verifiability versus relevance 4. Precision versus timeliness 5. Subject 6. GAAP 7. Requirement External persons who make financial decisions Historical perspective Emphasis on verifiability Emphasis on precision Primary focus is on the whole organization Must follow GAAP and prescribed formats Mandatory for external reports

Exh. 1-2

Managerial Accounting
Managers who plan for and control an organization Future emphasis Emphasis on relevance for planning and control Emphasis on timeliness Focuses on segments of an organization Need not follow GAAP or any prescribed format Not Mandatory

Review Ch.1
Distinguish between line and staff positions in an

organization. A line position is directly related to the achievement of the basic objectives of the organization. A staff position is not directly related to the achievement of those objectives; rather, it is supportive, providing services and assistance to other parts of the organization.

Review Ch.1
What are the major benefits of JIT System?

The main benefits of a successful JIT system

are reductions in:

(1) funds tied up in inventories; (2) space requirements; (3) throughput time; and (4) defects.

Benefits of a JIT System

Reduced inventory costs Freed-up funds

Higher quality products

Greater customer satisfaction More rapid response to customer orders

Increased throughput

Review Ch.1
Why is Process reengineering a more radical

approach to improvement than total quality management?

TQM generally approaches improvement in a series of

small steps that are planned and implemented by teams of front-line workers. Process Reengineering involves completely redesigning business processes from the ground upoften with the use of outside consultants.

Review Ch.1
See your book P.30

Exercise 1-1

 Exercise 1-1 1. Line 2.Directing and motivating 3.Budgets 4.Planning 5.Staff 6.Decentralization 7.Precision; Nonmonetary data 8.Managerial accounting; Financial accounting 9.Feedback 10.Controller 11.Performance report 12.Chief Financial Officer

Review Ch.2
What are the three major elements of product costs

in a manufacturing company ? The three major elements of product costs in a manufacturing company are direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead. Distinguish between the following :

Direct material Indirect material Direct labor Indirect labor Manufacturing overhead

Review Ch.2
a. Direct materials are an integral part of a finished product and their costs can be conveniently traced to it. b. Indirect materials are generally small items of material such as glue and nails. They may be an integral part of a finished product but their costs can be traced to the product only at great cost or inconvenience. Indirect materials are ordinarily classified as manufacturing overhead. c. Direct labor includes those labor costs that can be easily traced to particular products. Direct labor is also called touch labor. d. Indirect labor includes the labor costs of janitors, supervisors, materials handlers, and other factory workers that cannot be conveniently traced to particular products. These labor costs are incurred to support production, but the workers involved do not directly work on the product. e. Manufacturing overhead includes all manufacturing costs except direct materials and direct labor.

Review Ch.2
Explain the differences between a product

cost and a period cost

A product cost is any cost involved in purchasing or manufacturing goods. In the case of manufactured goods, these costs consist of direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead. A period cost is a cost that is taken directly to the income statement as an expense in the period in which it is incurred

Review Ch.2
What is meant by the term cost behavior ?

Cost behavior refers to how a cost will react or respond to changes in the level of activity.

Review Ch.2
Define the following terms : differential cost,

opportunity cost, and sunk cost.

A differential cost is a cost that differs between alternatives in a decision. An opportunity cost is the potential benefit that is given up when one alternative is selected over another. A sunk cost is a cost that has already been incurred and cannot be altered by any decision taken now or in the future.

Review Ch.2
Lompac products manufactures a variety of products

in its factory. Data for the most recent month's operations appear below :
Beginning raw material Inventory $60000 Purchase for raw material $690000 Ending raw material Inventory $45000 Direct Labor $135000 Manufacturing overhead $370000 Beginning work in process Inventory $120000 Ending work in process Inventory $130000 Required: Prepare a schedule of cost of goods Manufactured for the company for the month

Review Ch.2
Lompac Products Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured Direct materials: Beginning raw materials inventory ............ Add: Purchases of raw materials ............... Raw materials available for use................. Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .... Raw materials used in production ............. Direct labor ................................................ Manufacturing overhead ............................. Total manufacturing costs ........................... Add: Beginning work in process inventory .... Deduct: Ending work in process inventory.... Cost of goods manufactured ....................... $ 60,000 690,000 750,000 45,000

$ 705,000 135,000 370,000 1,210,000 120,000 1,330,000 130,000 $1,200,000

Messinger Manufacturing Company had the following account balances for the quarter ending March 31, unless otherwise noted:
Work-in-process inventory (January 1) Work-in-process inventory (March 31) Finished goods inventory (January 1) Finished goods inventory (March 31) Direct materials used Indirect materials used Direct manufacturing labor Indirect manufacturing labor Property taxes on manufacturing plant building Salespersons' company vehicle costs Depreciation of manufacturing equipment Depreciation of office equipment Miscellaneous plant overhead Plant utilities General office expenses Marketing distribution costs $ 140,400 171,000 540,000 510,000 378,000 84,000 480,000 186,000 28,800 12,000 264,000 123,600 135,000 92,400 305,400 30,000

Required:
a. Prepare a cost of goods manufactured schedule for the quarter. b. Prepare a cost of goods sold schedule for the quarter.

Answer:
a. Messinger Manufacturing Company Cost of Goods Manufactured Schedule for quarter ending March 31 Direct materials used $ 378,000 Direct manufacturing labor 480,000 Manufacturing overhead Depreciation of manufacturing equipment $264,000 Indirect manufacturing labor 186,000 Indirect materials 84,000 Miscellaneous plant overhead 135,000 Plant utilities 92,400 Property taxes on building 28,800 Total Manufacturing overhead 790,200 Total Manufacturing costs incurred $1,648,200

Work-in-process Statement
Beginning work-in-process inventory Add Total Manufacturing costs incurred = Total work-in-process for the period Less ending work-in-process inventory = Cost of goods manufactured
a.

140,400 $1,648,200 $1,788,600 171,000 $1,617,600

Finished goods Statement

b. Messinger Manufacturing Company Cost of Goods Sold Schedule For the quarter ending March 31
Beginning finished goods inventory Cost of goods manufactured Cost of goods available for sale Ending finished goods inventory $ 540,000 1,617,600 2,157,600 (510,000)

Cost of goods sold

$1,647,600