USING THE SCIENTIFIC/GRAPHING CALCULATOR

Presented by: ENGR.RICHARD V. GOMEZ,REE,MPA

SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR

A scientific calculator is an invaluable tool !ile learnin" #at! or science$It is a s#all %ortable often ine&%ensive electronic 'evice use' to %erfor# bot! basic an' co#%le& o%erations of arit!#etic$

Scientific calculators are a tool( to !el% )ou solve co#%le& %roble#s$*o'ern calculators are #ore %ortable t!an #ost co#%uters( t!ou"! #ost P+A,s are co#%arable in si.e to !an'le$

SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR
/it!out t!e %ro%er un'erstan'in" of a%%l)in" t!e o%eratin" %rinci%les( t!ere is no "uarantee t!e ans er is correct$

T!e calculator onl) %erfor#s t!e functions )ou instruct it$ In t!e or'er )ou instruct it$

SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR
Care s!oul' be ta0en in selectin" t!e scientific calculator to fit )our nee's$ T!e #ar0et is floo'e' it! c!oices$

*ost s!are t!e sa#e functionalit)1 t!e onl) 'ifference is in t!e %resentation$

GRAPHING CALCULATOR
T!e #ore co#%le& graphing scientific calculators are available an' ver) %o erful if )ou %lan to stu') #at!e#atics an' electronics at t!e en"ineerin" level$ T!e) are fun to)s if )ou !ave not!in" better to s%en' )our #one) on$ T!e "ra%!in" ca%abilit) !el%s )ou to see an' un'erstan' functions$
/!en )ou enter t!e e2uation of a line( ) 3 #& 4 b( T!e calculator ill %lot t!e corres%on'in" line$

GRAPHING CALCULATOR
Note5 C!ec0 t!e ebsite of PRC about t!e allo able calculators in boar' e&a#s$ 6ou ill !ave all t!e ca%abilit) )ou ill nee' in a less e&%ensive an' less co#%licate' asic scientific calculator$

!ua"ratic E#uation 7 E2uation in t!e for# y=ax2 + bx + c. Para ola 7 T!e "eneral s!a%e of a 2ua'ratic e2uation$ It is in t!e for# of a 8U9 $ $erte% 7 T!e #a&i#u# or #ini#u# %oint of a %arabola$ &a%i'u' 7 T!e !i"!est %oint :verte&; of a %arabola !en it o%ens 'o n ar'$ &ini'u' 7 T!e lo est %oint :verte&; of a %arabola !en it o%ens u% ar'$ A%is of s(''etr( 7 T!e line %assin" t!rou"! t!e verte& b about !ic! t!e %arabola is !avin" t!e e2uation x = s)##etric$ <a

Ho 'oes t!e si"n of t!e coefficient of &< affect %arabola=

On (our graphing calculator) "o the follo*ing+ ,1Press the ./ 0e(Clear an( e%isting e#uations ( placing the cursor i''e"iatel( after the / an" pressing CLEAR-

2- Enter 1%1 after the .,/ ( "oing the follo*ing 0e(stro0es1 43)T) %1

Press GRAPH-

Repeat using the e#uation ( / 51%16hen the coefficient of %1 is positi7e) the graph opens up*ar"6hen the coefficient of %1 is negati7e) the graph opens "o*n*ar"-

Ho* "oes the 7alue of a in the e#uation ax2 + bx + c affect the graph of the para ola8 Clear the e#uations in the ./ screen of (our calculatorEnter the e#uation %1 for .,Enter the e#uation 2 %1 for .1- Choose a "ifferent t(pe of line for .1 so that (ou can tell the "ifference et*een the'Press GRAPH-

Clear t!e secon' e2uation in t!e 63 screen an' no enter t!e e2uation ) 3 :>/?;&<$ Press t!e GRAPH 0e) an' co#%are t!e t o "ra%!s$

SUMMARY FOR

a X2

/!en a is %ositive( t!e %arabola o%ens u% ar'$ /!en a is ne"ative( t!e %arabola o%ens 'o n ar'$ /!en a is lar"er t!an >( t!e "ra%! ill be narro er t!an t!e "ra%! of x2. /!en a is less t!an >( t!e "ra%! ill be i'er :broa'er; t!an t!e "ra%! of x2.

CALCULATOR FUNCTIONS
T!e calculator )ou c!oose #ust !ave #ore t!an t!e basic functions$ 6ou ill be %erfor#in" o%erations be)on' a''ition( subtraction( #ulti%lication an' 'ivision$ T!is calculator is not a scientific calculator an' is not suitable$ 6ou li#ite' to t!e basic arit!#etic functions( s2uare root( an' %ercenta"e$

CALCULATOR FUNCTIONS
T!is calculator lac0s t!e re2uire' functions nee'e' to calculate scientific e&%ressions$ It can onl) %erfor# t!e @ASIC functions$

SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR FUNCTIONS

6ou ill nee' to !ave a scientific calculator it! t!e follo in" functions5

+e"ree an' ra'ian #o'e$

Inverse Tri"ono#etric functions

Tri"ono#etric functions E&%onential function

SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR FUNCTIONS

6ou ill nee' to !ave a scientific calculator it! t!e follo in" functions5

Pi A B$

Inverse function

S2uare an' S2uare Root C!an"e Si"n

SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR FUNCTIONS

6ou ill nee' to !ave a scientific calculator it! e&%onential an' tri"ono#etric functions( 'e"ree an' ra'ian #o'e$

T!ere are several #anufacturers to c!oose fro#( eac! is lai' out a little 'ifferentl)( but usuall) !avin" t!e sa#e functions available fro# t!e 0e)%a'$

THE O6NER9S GUI:E

It,s i#%ortant to 0ee% )our o*ners 'anual or operators gui"e !an') !ile )ou are beco#in" fa#iliar it! t!e functions available on )our scientific calculator$

SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR FUNCTIONS

Asi'e fro# t!e basic functions of a''ition( subtraction( #ulti%lication an' 'ivisionC *an) scientific calculators !ave over a !un're' functions available$ *an) of t!e functions re2uire #ulti%le 0e)stro0es an' secon'ar) or tertiar) 0e) #o'es$

SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR FUNCTIONS

*an) of t!e functions are onl) available !en t!e correct &O:E ;E. is selecte'$ T!e function 0e)s are usuall) lue or (ello* 0e)s #ar0e' A <n' B an' A Dr' B$

T!e 0e) location an' labelin" ill var) fro# #anufacturer to #anufacturer$ 6ou ill !ave to refer to )our o ners "ui'e$

SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR FUNCTIONS

So#e scientific calculators !ave a SCROLL or UP/+O/N LEFT/RIGHT set of 0e)s to a'' functionalit)$

6ou #ust rel) on t!e o%erators "ui'e to learn to use t!ese s%ecial function 0e)sE

SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR FUNCTIONS

T!e #ost co##on scientific calculators use alge raic parenthetical notation$
/it! al"ebraic %arent!etical notation( t!e rules of al"ebra are follo e' !en enterin" t!e values correctl)$

SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR FUNCTIONS

T!e S!ar% calculator utili.es a %ro%rietar) arc!itecture t!e) call A"7ance" :irect Alge raic Logic <:-A-L-=

:-A-L- allo s t!e user to enter t!e ele#ents of an e2uation into t!e calculator in t!e e&act or'er t!e) a%%ear in t!e e&%ression or fro# a te&t$

Re7erse Polish Notation

So#e scientific calculators( li0e t!e HP( use re7erse polish notation <RPN=$ RPN is a %o erful stac0in" %rotocol !ere t!e values are entere' first an' t!e# t!e %ro%er function is a%%lie'$ T!e values #ove u% an' 'o n t!e stac0 as t!e ele#ents are o%erate' on$

Re7erse Polish Notation

Reverse Polis! Notation as 'evelo%e' in >F<G b) Han Lu0asie ic. as a a) to rite a #at!e#atical e&%ression it!out usin" %arent!eses an' brac0ets$ He lett-Pac0ar' Co$( reali.in" t!at Lu0asie ic.Is #et!o' as su%erior to stan'ar' al"ebraic e&%ressions !en usin" calculators an' co#%uters( a'a%te' RPN for its first !an'!el' scientific calculator( t!e HPDJ( in >FK<$
HPDJ RPN Pro"ra##able Scientific Calculator LE+ +is%la)

Re7erse Polish Notation

HP?>CL/RPN PROGRA**A@LE SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR

Re7erse Polish Notation

RPN calculators 'o not !ave an E!UAL > / ? 0e)( but instea' !ave an AENTERB 0e)$ T o line( al%!a/nu#eric 'is%la)$ T!e ENTER 0e) stores t!e value or co#%letes t!e function$

RPN ta0es so#e "ettin" use' to if )ou,ve never use' it$ Once )ou learn it( %roble# entr) an' solvin" is a lot 2uic0er$

E%ponential Notation
T!e e%ponential function ill var) bet een scientific calculators$
T!e e&%onent

So#e !ave an AENGB 0e)$

T!e e&%onential 0e) allo s )ou to enter values t!at !ave a %o er of ten associate' it! t!e#$

E%ponential Notation
T!e e%ponential function ill var) bet een scientific calculators$ Ot!ers !ave an AEEB 0e)$

E%ponential Notation
T!e e%ponential function ill var) bet een scientific calculators$ Ot!ers !ave an AEEB > 1n" ? 0e)$

T!e <n' function 0e) #ust be %resse' first to access t!e A EE B 0e)

E%ponential Notation
T!e e%ponential function ill var) bet een scientific calculators$ Ot!ers !ave an AE3PB 0e)$

If neit!er 0e) is available on )our 0e)%a'( )ou ill !ave to refer to )our o ner,s "ui'e to 'eter#ine !o to invo0e t!e e&%onential function$

Raising to A Po*er
T!e e&%onential function is not to be confuse' it! t!e e&%onent function of raising a value to a power$ T!e #ost co##on is of course t!e s#uare 0e)( A %1 B$ /!en )ou enter a value an' %ress t!e A %1 B 0e) )ou calculate t!e s2uare of t!e value$ Li0e t!e s2uare 0e)( A %1 B( a 0e) #ar0e' A %( B allo s )ou to calculate values raise' to a %o er above <$

> Recall t!at % / xy

5(

Scientific Notation
Calculator
Learning Intention 1. To show how to do calculation using scientific notation on the calculator. Success Criteria 1. To be able to use the calculator to calculate values using scientific notation.

Using the calculator

We can use scientific notation on the calculator. Depending on your calculator you will use one of the following buttons.

xy 1

!"# !!

$you %ay have to use the shift button& !nter the '.(x1 ) into your calculator
Calculator *eys ' (

xy

Using the calculator

xy 1

!"# !!
subtraction button

$you %ay have to use the shift button& Not the !xa%ple+ ,.-'x1 ./
Calculator *eys 11

'

xy

!xa%ple+ 0.)1x1
0 )

Calculator *eys 1

xy

Using the calculator

Calculate+ (x1
,

10x1

It is good practice to put each value in brac2ets

$ (

xy

&

xy

&

exe

Fractional E%ponents
E&%onents can be e&%resse' as fractions$

6our scientific calculator ill allo )ou to enter a value raise' to a %o er t!at is e&%resse' as a fraction or a 2uotient$ /!en )ou enter a value 8a9( )ou can raise it to t!e %o er 8b/c9( b) usin" t!e Aab/cB 0e)$

The Root
T!e s#uare root 0e) 6ou #ust enter t!e value first( t!en %ress t!e x 0e)$
Recall t!at &M 3
x
x

( calculates t!e s2uare root of a value$ T!e sa#e a%%lies for t!e y 0e)( !ere no )ou are calculatin" a root for an) nu#ber ot!er t!an <$
x

3e%inder on fractions
4 fraction has a nu%erator and deno%inator The value of a fraction can be calculated by dividing the nu%erator by the deno%inator 4 proper fraction has a value of less than 1
G$KJ D = ? D$GG ?

Using the calculator

a 4n i%proper fraction is of the for% b

a>b

4 %ixed nu%ber contains whole nu%ber and fractions

Using the calculator

Fractions We can use the calculator when wor2ing with fractions The fraction button is +

a bc

!xa%ple 1+
)

!xpress
(

D as a deci%al ?

a bc

./'

Using the calculator

!xa%ple -+
'

Fractions J !xpress as a deci%al >G

1

a bc

1-

a bc

.'

!xa%ple )+
/

K !xpress as a %ixed nu%ber ?

(

a bc

1) (

Using the calculator

!xa%ple (+
(

Fractions < !xpress? as a i%proper fraction D

-

a bc

a bc

2nd

a bc

1()

!xa%ple '+
(

4dd
)

D < ? + J D
' -

'( 1'

a bc

a bc

a bc

In7erse Function
T!e in7erse function is also !an') !en calculatin" fractional values or 2uotients$ It,s %articularl) valuable #ovin" su##e' values out of t!e 'eno#inator an' into t!e nu#erator$ T!e in7erse 0e( #a) be a A,@% B 0e)$ Pressin" t!is 0e) results in "ivin" )ou t!e reciprocal value$

In7erse Function
T!e in7erse function is also !an') !en calculatin" fractional values or 2uotients$

T!e in7erse 0e( #a) also be a A %5, B 0e)$ Recall %5, / ,@%

On5 oar" Functions

To %ro%erl) use t!e %o er of t!e calculator( it,s i#%ortant to use onboar' function 0e)s li0e t!e A B 0e)( an' not #erel) enter t!e truncate' value D$>? !en is re2uire' in a co#%utation$ T!e reason for t!is is( is a non-re%eatin"( infinite nu#ber t!at is best treate' b) t!e calculator$ T!e 'is%la) of )our calculator onl) s!o s t!e first ten or so 'i"its$ T!ere are #ore 'i"its store' in #e#or) be)on' !at )ou see in t!e 'is%la)$ /it! values li0e ( t!e non-re%eatin"( infinite values not s!o n are store' in #e#or) to t!e li#its of )our calculator,s stora"e an' 'is%la) ca%abilit)$

On5 oar" Functions

Ot!er on-boar' functions li0e sine A sin B( cosine Acos B( an' tan"ent A tan B are available fro# t!e 0e)%a' an' #ust be use' to t!e #a&i#u# ca%abilit) of t!e calculators stora"e an' 'is%la)$ /!en )ou ta0e t!e sine( cosine( or tan"ent of a nu#ber( t!e 'is%la) onl) s!o s )ou %art of t!e result$ It,s i#%ortant to note t!at )ou #ust enter t!e value first( t!en %ress t!e tri"ono#etric function 0e) to calculate t!e function$ For e&a#%le5 To calculate t!e sin2A ( )ou first enter 2A( t!en %ress t!e A sin B 0e) to "et A-B$

On5 oar" Functions

Ot!er on-boar' functions li0e inverse sine A sin5, B( inverse cosine Acos5, B( an' inverse tan"ent A tan5, B are also available fro# t!e 0e)%a' an' #ust be use' to t!e #a&i#u# ca%abilit) of t!e calculators stora"e an' 'is%la)$ /!en )ou ta0e t!e inverse sine( inverse cosine( or inverse tan"ent of a nu#ber( a"ain t!e 'is%la) onl) s!o s )ou %art of t!e result$ T!ese functions also re2uire t!at )ou first %ress t!e A<n'B 0e)$ It,s i#%ortant to note t!at )ou #ust enter t!e value first( t!en %ress t!e tri"ono#etric function 0e) to calculate t!e function$
For e&a#%le5 To calculate t!e tan5,,-22( )ou first enter ,-22( t!en %ress t!e A tan5, B 0e) to "et B2-,C$

&e'or(
Memory in a scientific calculator is a nice o%tion( but not a necessit)$ *an) co#e e2ui%%e' it! a #e#or) stora"e location on-boar' an' available on t!e 0e)%a'$ T!e A STO B an' A RCL B 0e)s are t!e 0e)s for storin" one ele#ent at a ti#e in #e#or)$

&e'or(

So#e scientific calculators use an A*4B an' A*-B as ell( to o%erate on ele#ents store' in #e#or)$

T!is function is !an') if )ou are a''in" or subtractin" fro# t!e value store' in #e#or)$

&e'or(

So#e scientific calculators allo )ou to s a% values in a #e#or) location b) usin" t!e A &)B 0e)$

For t!is calculator )ou oul' use t!e A<n'B 0e) an' %ress t!e AB 0e) to %erfor# t!e s a%$

Progra''a le Scientific Calculators

Programmable scientific calculators( li0e #e#or) are nice to !ave( but not a necessit)$ Pro"ra##able scientific calculators are ver) %o erful( nor#all) use' b) scientists an' en"ineers( but be)on' t!e re2uire#ents for t!is course$ 6ou ill !ave )our or0 cut out for )ou if )ou 'eci'e to %urc!ase a %ro"ra##able scientific calculator$ 6ou ill !ave aste' )our #one) if )ou 'on,t learn to use its full ca%abilit)$

Progra''a le Scientific Calculators

Programmable scientific calculators( li0e #e#or) are nice to !ave( but not a necessit)$ Pro"ra##able scientific calculators are ver) %o erful( nor#all) use' b) scientist an' en"ineers( but be)on' t!e re2uire#ents for t!is course$ Pro"ra##able calculators beco#e %o erful !en t!e %roble#s )ou are solvin" beco#e re%etitive or iterative$ A"ain( a fun to)( but not re2uire'$

Planning (our Entr(

/it! all of t!is in #in'( it,s i#%ortant to %lan !o )ou enter t!e values in )ou calculator$ 6ou !ave to obe) t!e rules of #at!e#atics$ Re#e#ber all t!ose la s5 associative( 'istributive( co##utativeC I usuall) start it! values in t!e 'eno#inator( es%eciall) if t!ere are values t!at !ave e&%onentials$ For e&a#%le5

> XC = < fC
If f 3 JGGH. an' C 3 G$G>F

> > XC = = < fC < ( JGG Hz ) ( G$G>>GN

Planning (our Entr(

I oul' a%%roac! t!e %roble# b) first enterin" t!e e&%onential in t!e 'eno#inator G$GG>O>G-NF Enter G$G> an' %ress A EE B or A ENG B( t!e calculator ill %ro#%t )ou for t!e e&%onent( Enter D an' %ress A B 0e) to c!an"e t!e si"n of t!e e&%onent$ Press A B 0e) to #ulti%l)( an' enter BAA$ Press A B 0e) to #ulti%l)( an' enter A B$ Press A B 0e) to #ulti%l)( an' enter 1$ Press A B 0e) to #ulti%l)( an' t!en %ress t!e A ,@% B or A %5, B 0e) to invert t!e value in t!e 'eno#inator$ T!e value is no in t!e nu#erator( #ulti%lie' b) t!e un'erstoo' value of > 6ou,re 'oneE 6ou s!oul' !ave 2,-E3,A2 or 2,E2,$

CALCULATOR S;ILLS
6ou can onl) beco#e s0ille' usin" )our calculator if )ou ta0e t!e ti#e to learn !o to %ro%erl) use it$ Pee% )our o ners "ui'e !an') an' it! )ou$ /or0 sa#%le %roble#s so t!at )ou "ain %roficienc)$ Practice usin" )our calculatorE