BROWNIAN DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF SUSPENSION OF RIGID ROD UNDER PERIODIC EXTERNAL FORCE

Presented by Srikirupa v Under the Guidance of Dr.K.Satheesh Kumar.

Project Description
In

this work, we study the dynamical and rheological parameters of rigid rods under steady shear flows and external periodic force using Brownian dynamics simulation We would like to study the influence of periodic external force on the dynamics of rheological property.

Applications And Importantes

There

are wide variety of applications in both engineering and in natural phenomena where dynamics and rheological properties of fluid suspension of small particles are relevant. applications in ink jet printers, rod like bacterias in blood etc. some applications.
Simulation

of rod like particles is little bit difficult compared to spherical particles.

.

Simulation

of rigid rods under a suspension is affecting the type fluid, orientation of particles, shear flows, viscosity of fluid, the degree of isotropy of the solution etc. The factor which mainly affects the properties of suspension is the orientation of the particle which can be determined by the orientation distribution function (ODF) and the density function for the orientations of the particle

The

effect of Brownian force results the random movement of particles in the suspension. It is only applicable when the particle is sufficiently small. suspensions of rigid rods produce much stronger nonNewtonian effects, such as normal stress differences, shear thinning and thickening, than a suspension of spherical particles at a similar volume fraction (Larson, 1999).

Methodology

BROWNIAN

DYNAMICS SIMULATION

Brownian Dynamics
Computational

techniques such as Brownian Dynamics have been used for many years to efficiently simulate the motion of dilute polymer and colloidal solutions by representing the effect of the solvent on a suspended particle as a drag force plus a random force. The BD simulation approach has been developed as an alternative to analytical diffusion theories to study the diffusive dynamics and interaction between macromolecules. Brownian dynamics simulations are particularly well suited for studying the structure and rheology

Rigid Rod
In

the field of engineering and rheology the suspension of rigid rods have great importance. The rigid dumbbell model is so complex that only few of its properties can be determined analytically. Here we consider the rigid dumbbell models. A rigid rod consists of two identical dumbbell which is connected by a spring.

Here we consider the rigid dumbbell models. A rigid rod consists of two identical dumbbell which is connected by a spring. Rigidness provide constraints so we neglect the spring force. Here it represent as linear rigid rod.

Shear Flow
There

are different types of flow which occur naturally. The main flows are Equity flow ,uniaxial extensional flow and Shear flow.In this work we use Shear flow. shear flow is used in solid mechanics as well as in fluid dynamics. In a uniform shear flow, the particles are aligned to the flow of suspension. Particles very close to the bottom layer of fluid moves slowly as compared to the top layers.

Governing Equation
The

Brownian dynamics technique is used to simulate the dynamics of particles that undergo Brownian motion. Because of the small mass of these particles, it is common to Neglect inertia. Using Newtons Second Law for particle i, the neglect of Inertia means that the total force is always approximately zero. The total force on a particle is composed of a drag force from the particle moving through the viscous solvent, a Brownian force due to random collisions of the solvent with the particle, and all non-

Numerical Methodology (Predictor corrector Method)

In

this work we use A second order scheme such as predictor corrector method which will be employed for the simulation. a predictorcorrector method is an algorithm that proceeds in two steps. First, the prediction step calculates a rough approximation of the desired quantity. Second, the corrector step refines the initial approximation using another means. a predictorcorrector method typically uses an explicit method for the predictor step and an implicit method for the corrector step.

Project Coding
Here

we use Fortran 77 Program codes. Four Fortran 77codes are Executed here, They are 1. RIGID2-Second order scheme for rigid dumbbells 2. SECRES- Single time step in RIGID2 3. RANILS- Initializes random number generators. 4. RANULS- Generates a random number with uniform distribution.

Governing Equation
It

calculus, named after Kiyoshi It, extends the methods of calculus to stochastic processes such as Brownian motion (Wiener process). It has important applications in mathematical finance and stochastic differential equations. The central concept is the It stochastic integral.

Conclusion
In

this work we model the linear rigid rod as rigid dumbbells. We have developed the diffusion equation of rigid dumbbells. The rigidness of the dumbbells introduced constraints in the governing equations of the dumbbells. The stochastic governing equations are proposed to be simulated using Ito calculus. We got the Exact solution.

Similar Work
Hans

Ottinger developed an exact solution of suspension of rigid rods under a constant shear flow without External force. In 1995 Kumar and Ramamohan have recently demonstrated a periodically forced suspension of dipolar particles, the moments of the ODF may evolve chaotically in the weak Brownian motion regime.

Future Studies
While

analyzing the result obtained, we found that it may show chaotic behavior. We can also apply the perodic Shear flow to the governing equation.

Apparent Viscosity

Viscosity is the Physical property characterizing the resistance of fluids to flow.Apparen lAETA=3*<U2*U2> lThis <> bracket represent the average value.Apparent Viscosity is measured by using lThe mainprogram calculates the apparent viscosity for each of the particle by using PC
l

Apparent Viscosity
Viscosity is the physical property characterizing the resistance of fluids to flow. Apparent viscosity is calculated by using the following formula. AETA=3*<U2*U2> This < >bracket represent the average value. Apparent viscosity is measured by using viscometer.where U2 is the unit vector. The main program calculates the apparent viscosity for each of the particle by using PC method. Then take the average viscosity of (kripa)

Apparent Viscosity
Viscosity is the physical property characterizing the resistance of fluids to flow. Apparent viscosity is calculated by using the following formula. AETA=3*<U2*U2> This < >bracket represent the average value. Apparent viscosity is measured by using viscometer.where U2 is the unit vector. The main program calculates the apparent viscosity for each of the particle by using PC method. Then take the average viscosity of (kripa)

From the previous equation we can obtain a stochastic differential equation.

du=[(-uu).(.u+1/LF(e) )-u/3]dt + 1/ 3(-uu).dw

This is a stochastic differential equation governing the motion of the rigid rod. Ordinary calculus is not applicable to solve this so we used Ito calculus.

From the previous equation we can obtain a stochastic differential equation.

du=[(-uu).(.u+1/LF(e) )-u/3]dt + 1/ 3(-uu).dw

This is a stochastic differential equation governing the motion of the rigid rod. Ordinary calculus is not applicable to solve this so we used Ito calculus.

From the previous equation we can obtain a stochastic differential equation.

du=[(-uu).(.u+1/LF(e) )-u/3]dt + 1/ 3(-uu).dw

This is a stochastic differential equation governing the motion of the rigid rod. Ordinary calculus is not applicable to solve this so we used Ito calculus.

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