GSM Measurements for Inter-RAT Cell Reselection & Handover

NOKIA

topic: GSM Measurements for Inter-RAT Cell Reselection & Handover/ July 2003 /Markus Wimmer

Cell Reselection and Handover

Cell Reselection
Done by MS in the (circuit switched) idle mode, and packet idle and packet transfer mode GSM cell re-selection to WCDMA may differ between non-GPRS capable mobiles, GPRS capable mobiles, and GPRS capable mobile with Packet BCCH Cell reselection to weaker WCDMA cells is possible

Handover
Handover from GSM is supported if the load of the serving GSM cell is above certain threshold and the measured quality (CPICH Ec/No) from adjacent WCDMA cell is above a minimum value. Different load threshold for speech calls and NonTransparent (CS) Data can be set.

NOKIA

topic: GSM Measurements for Inter-RAT Cell Reselection & Handover/ July 2003 /Markus Wimmer

Load Reason Algorithm in RAN 1.5

Speech calls can be served adequately both in GSM and UMTS. Consequently, only in a high load situations, multiple RAT phones are handed over from GSM to UMTS. The number of occupied traffic channels on the available transmission resources triggers the handover decision in the BSC. Circuit switched data calls may not surpass a capacity threshold before the BSC imitates the HO procedure. GPRS MS can be directly pushed to 3GPP cell reselection.

NOKIA

topic: GSM Measurements for Inter-RAT Cell Reselection & Handover/ July 2003 /Markus Wimmer

Load Reason Algorithm in RAN 1.5

Load of GSM cell (Occupation of TCHs in TRXes)
100% 80%
Service based handovers for non-transparent data to provide maximum user bit rates Data to WCDMA regardless of GSM load Higher bit rates for data users Load reason handovers for speech Speech to WCDMA only with high GSM load More capacity for speech

0%
4 NOKIA topic: GSM Measurements for Inter-RAT Cell Reselection & Handover/ July 2003 /Markus Wimmer

Packet BCCH parameters can be used to push GPRS mobiles to WCDMA

Cell Reselection Algorithm from GSM to FDD-WCDMA (cs)

WCDMA measurements, when: RLA_C Qsearch_I (Non GPRS)

at least every 5 s

check

Measurement Updates: RLC_C value of the serving cell at least 6 strongest non serving GSM cells

no priorities between WCDMA neighbours

If, for suitable UMTS cell & for a period of 5 s: CPICH RSCP > RLA_C + FDD_Qoffset

and
CPICH Ec/No FDD_Qmin

WCDMA cell reselection

NOKIA

topic: GSM Measurements for Inter-RAT Cell Reselection & Handover/ July 2003 /Markus Wimmer

Example: cs Cell-Reselection to a Stronger WCDMA Cell

Serving GSM cell

Start WCDMA measurements

CPICH Ec/No FDD_Qmin

Cell reselection

Suitable neighbour WCDMA cell

Qsearch_I (e.g. 98 dBm)

Non serving neighbour GSM cell

FDD_Qoffset (e.g. 8 dB)

5 seconds
time
6 NOKIA topic: GSM Measurements for Inter-RAT Cell Reselection & Handover/ July 2003 /Markus Wimmer

Example: ps Cell-Reselection to a Weaker WCDMA Cell

CPICH Ec/No FDD_Qmin
Cell reselection

Start WCDMA measurements

Qsearch_P (e.g. 70 dBm)

Serving GSM cell Non serving neighbour GSM cell

FDD_GPRS_Qoffset (e.g. -8 dB)

7 NOKIA topic: GSM Measurements for Inter-RAT Cell Reselection & Handover/ July 2003 /Markus Wimmer

Suitable neighbour WCDMA cell

5 seconds

time

Cell Reselection Parameters

Parameter Qsearch_X FDD_Qoffset RLA_X Parameter for NON GPRS Qsearch_I FDD_Qoffset RLA_C R_Below 0 -98 8 -78 0 Always 8 Parameter for GPRS Qsearch_P FDD_Qoffset RLA_P 1 -94 9 -74 1 -28 9 2 -90 10 -70 2 -24 10 Parameter for PBCCH GPRS Qsearch_P FDD_GPRS_Qoffset RLA_P 3 -86 11 -66 3 -20 11 4 -82 12 -62 4 -16 12 5 -78 13 -58 5 -12 13 6 -74 14 -54 6 -8 14 7 Always 15 Never 7 -4 15

Qsearch_I & Qsearch_P

dBm R_Upper dBm Range dB Range

FDD_Qoffset & FDD_GPRS_Offset

dB

0
0 -20 Qsearch_P

4
1 -19 FDD_QMin 2ter

8
2 -18

12
3 -17 FDD_(GPRS) Qoffset 2quater

16
4 -16

20
5 -15 FDD_REP_ QUANT 2ter

24
6 -14

28
7 -13 3G_search_ PRIO 2(3)quarter (PBCCH)

FDD_Qmin
Parameter Qsearch_I Qsearch_P

Range dB

Name for 2quater 2quater 3quater Sys Info topic: (SI)GSM Measurements for Inter-RAT Cell Reselection & Handover/ July 2003 /Markus Wimmer NOKIA

Handover Process incl. RAN 1.5

Handover Triggering Thresholds set in BSC

Inter-RAT measurements when: The RXLEV of the serving cell is above or below the given threshold Qsearch_C

However in S10.5 MS is measuring the UTRAN cells continuously if they are defined as a neighbour, measurements are done during idle periods

MS reports best UTRAN cell based on measurement results

Latest after 5 s (one WCDMA band)

Handover Decision is done in case of Load of the serving cell > Load_Threshold and CPICH Ec/No> min Ec/No Threshold

Handover command is send to MSC

NOKIA

topic: GSM Measurements for Inter-RAT Cell Reselection & Handover/ July 2003 /Markus Wimmer

Example: Handover to a Weaker WCDMA Cell

Serving GSM cell CPICH Ec/No FDD_Qmin Qsearch_C

Cell reselection

Non serving neighbour GSM cell

FDD_Qoffset (< 0)

Suitable neighbour WCDMA cell

10 NOKIA topic: GSM Measurements for Inter-RAT Cell Reselection & Handover/ July 2003 /Markus Wimmer

5 seconds

GSM ISHO in RAN1.5: Example

Handover example (speech/Transparent data) Load Threshold for Speech Calls inter-RAT Handover LOAD_THRESHOLD_FOR_SC_IS_HO= 80% Min Ec/No threshold for a handover to the UTRAN adjacent cell MIN_ECNO_THRSHOLD = -15 dB Qsearch_c = 15 (if Qsearch_c = 15, the mobile is not allowed to measure UTRAN adjacent cells and therefore the BSS does not send the Measurement Information message to the mobile at all)

1 Load of the serving cell = 45% and the measured Ec/No = - 20 dB

2 3

--> Handover to the UTRAN not possible due to low load and low Ec/No Load of the serving cell = 45% and the measured Ec/No = - 10 dB --> Handover to the UTRAN not possible due to low load Load of the serving cell = 95% and the measured Ec/No = -10 dB --> Handover to the UTRAN possible

11

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topic: GSM Measurements for Inter-RAT Cell Reselection & Handover/ July 2003 /Markus Wimmer

GSM ISHO in RAN1.5: Example

Handover example (Non Transparent data) Load Threshold for Non-Transparent Data inter-RAT Handover LOAD_THRESHOLD_FOR_NON_TPC_IS_HO =0% (default) Min Ec/No threshold for a handover to the UTRAN adjacent cell MIN_ECNO_THRSHOLD= -15 dB

Qsearch_c = 15 (if Qsearch_c = 15, the mobile is not allowed to measure UTRAN adjacent cells and therefore the BSS does not send the Measurement Information message to the mobile at all)

1 Load of the serving cell = 0% and the measured Ec/No = - 20 dB 2

--> Handover to the UTRAN not possible due to low Ec/No Load of the serving cell =0% and the measured Ec/No = - 10 dB --> Handover to the UTRAN possible

12

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topic: GSM Measurements for Inter-RAT Cell Reselection & Handover/ July 2003 /Markus Wimmer