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Hydrogen Fuel Cell

•Benjamin Bach
•Shaun Abraham
•Elizabeth Arnold Fisher
•Jared Dupree
H2 Fuel Cell
AGENDA
• Background
• Industry Drivers
• Application Types & Potential
– Transportation
– Portable
– Stationary
• Product Application Timeline
• Current Developments in Columbia
• Questions
H2 Fuel Cell
What is a Fuel Cell?

• Hydrogen In

• Electricity Out

• Byproducts – Water,
Heat

H2 Fuel Cell
How do Fuel Cells work?

H2 Fuel Cell
Sources of Hydrogen

www.minihydrogen.dk

H2 Fuel Cell
Hydrogen Production Today

Coal, 18%
Natural Gas,
48%
US Department of Energy

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Components of a Fuel Cell
System
OXYGEN (AIR)

Fuel
Reformer
HYDROGEN
FUEL DC POWER
INVERTER
AC POWER
FUEL INPUT
Converts
RICH GAS
CELL OUTPUT OUTPUT

to
Hydrogen
WATER

Heat used for Fuel Reforming HEAT Additional Heat


RECOVERY
National Institute of Standards

H2 Fuel Cell
Examples of Fuel Cell
Applications

H2 Fuel Cell
Benefits of Fuel
Cells
• Low or No dangerous emissions
• Higher efficiencies

• Constant and consistent power


• No Moving Parts
• Portable fuel cell systems much lighter than
batteries
• Smaller than regular batteries

H2 Fuel Cell
Limitations of Fuel Cells
• Transportation and storage of fuels (Hydrogen
gas)
• Lack of Infrastructure
• Energy needed to produce Hydrogen from
Water
• Large amounts of hydrogen needed to meet
energy needs
• Consumer mistrust
• High Cost
• Currently do not have hydrogen production
capacity

H2 Fuel Cell
Who is involved?

Based on 2006 data


H2 Fuel Cell
PWC Survey 2006

H2 Fuel Cell
PWC Survey 2006

H2 Fuel Cell
PWC Survey 2007
H2 Fuel Cell
U.S. Census Bureau 2002 & PWC 2007

H2 Fuel Cell
RESEARCH
& INFRASTRUCTURE HYDROGEN
DEVELOPMENT &
PRODUCTION
STORAGE

H2 Fuel Cell
EN N
G IO
R O T
D U C
Y
H OD
PR

US/South Korea Nuclear


Hydrogen Program Example
Nuclear Hydrogen Joint Development
Center in Daejeon & San Diego
Heat electrolysis at 800ºC (today 150ºC)

Heat

H2
Water

H2 Fuel Cell
- &
R A RE
F TU E
IN C AG Research
U
R TO R Leaders
T
S S Japan
Germany
USA

H2 Economy Case Study: Iceland


HYTHANE Fuel (20% H2, 80% Gas)

Hydro Linde Aral


H2 Fuel Cell
D
& Types of Application
R
Transportatio
Global private sector research

25%
nary
Portabl
Fuel Cell Industry Research
– SC Export Consortium
H2 Fuel Cell
Transportation
• 400 fuel cell powered vehicle prototypes
worldwide
(BMW, Daihatsu, DaimlerChrysler, Fiat,
Ford, GM, Honda, Hyundai, MAN/Neoplan,
Mazda, Mitsubishi, Nissan/Renault, PSA,
Suzuki, Toyota, VW/Audi)
• US H2 daily production capacity fuels 20
million cars
(243 million passenger vehicles registered
in US)

SolarToday.org/H2Mobility.org

H2 Fuel Cell
Cost Analysis
• Cost of producing Hydrogen: $1.5 to $3.5
per kg
– Without compression, storage or delivery costs
– Highly dependent on natural gas, electricity prices
and economies of scale
• Estimated cost at pump: $20 per kg
• 1kg of Hydrogen = Energy content of
1gal gasoline (at 2x efficiency)
Effective cost at pump: $10 per kg
Price of average hydrogen powered car
(internal combustion): Sticker + $50,000
50,000 miles cost of H2 car above regular car:
$61,667 SolarToday.org/MSN.com

H2 Fuel Cell
Where to fill up your hydrogen
car?

299 H2
stations
worldwide

117,000
petroleum
stations in US

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Future Outlook
Average Annual Expected Sales of
PEMFC/SPFC for Light-Duty Vehicles
@ $10,000 per fuel cell = 730,000 vehicles

Fuel Cell Industry Research


– SC Export Consortium

H2 Fuel Cell
Current Products:

•Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS)

Current Status:

•26 models in current use

Future Market:

•DoD investing 1.9 billion in (UAS) next 5 years

Benefits:

•Low noise, Low heat


•Run time double compared to alternatives
Source: Millenium Cell (2007)

H2 Fuel Cell
Current Products:
•Soldier Power
(72-hour, 30-50 watt power source)

Current Status:
•ProPack C-50

Future Market:
•Estimated 200 million dollar annual market.

Benefits:
•Lighter in weight
•Less expensive compared to alternatives.
Source: Millenium Cell (2007)

H2 Fuel Cell
Current Products:
•Extended Runtime Adapter

Current Status:
•XRT (Jadoo Power)
•In commercialization.

Future Market:
•Hurricane Katrina pushed demands
for more reliable energy sources for first responders.

Benefits:
•Lightweight, extended runtime.
Source: Jadoo Power (2007)

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Future Products:
•Laptops, cell phones, mobile devices.

Current Status:
•In developmental, R&D Stages
•Numerous prototypes.

Future Market:
•Dependent upon fuel cell technology growth
compared to battery technology.

Benefits:
•Lightweight, extended runtime.
Source: Jadoo Power (2007)

H2 Fuel Cell
Current Products:
•Back-up generators (industrial, small-business)
•Distributed Power

Current Status:
•98 million dollar market (2006)

Future Market:
•Expected to reach 16.9 billion by 2012.

Benefits:
•Reliability, low-maintenance, longer operating life.
Source: Ballard Power (2007), Winter Green Research (2006)

H2 Fuel Cell
Product Application Timeline

2007 2010 -
2015
Stationary
2007 2010 -
2015
Portable
2007 2010 - 2020 -
2015 2030
Transportation

H2 Fuel Cell
H2 Fuel Cells in Columbia,
SC
Current Projects
• Innovista
• Fuel Cell South
• Palmetto Fuel Cell Technologies
• USC Fuel Cell Research Group
• USC Fuel Cell Bus Project (liquid
hydrogen refueling station 2008-
2009)

H2 Fuel Cell
QUESTIONS?
"Water will be the coal of the future," Jules
Verne (1874) Pennsylvania State University

H2 Fuel Cell

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