WIRELESS BATTERY CHARGER

PRESENTED BY- DON TOM

ROLL NO: 17

S6E

Introduction

Portable electronic devices are very popular these days. As the usage of portable electronic devices is increasing, it demands for a longer battery life. Batteries need to recharged or replaced periodically. To overcome this, concept of wireless battery charging was developed. So there is a need to make a proto-type device that converts microwave signal to DC power.

Components (Nokia DCV-15 Desktop Stand)

PHONE CHARGING IN THE STAND

CONVENTIONAL BATTERY CHARGER

A battery charger is a device used to put energy into rechargeable battery by forcing electric current through it. The charging protocol depends on the size and type of the battery being charged Some charges might be having temperature or voltage control sensors to adjust the charging current and cut off at the end of charge

Design overview

Fig1:Overall wireless battery charger system

Transmitter
This design includes a power transmitter.

Transmitter consists of an oscillator amplifier and an antenna.

At a pre-determined frequency i.e., 900MHz, oscillations are generated. These signals are amplified before transmission.

Fig.2 900 MHz Video/Audio Transmitter

Power: Output Power: Operating Frequency: Connector Type: Output Impedance:

12V DC, 900 mA 3 Watts 900 MHz SMA Female 50

Table.1 The specification of the transmitter

Antenna

To charge a battery, high power DC signal is required.

To choose appropriate antenna, two factors are to be taken into consideration: 1. Impedance of antenna 2. Gain of antenna
Impedance of the antenna should match with the output impedance of the power transmitter. Higher antenna gains yields to a better gain result, but also increases size and cost of the antenna. Taking the above design specification into consideration yagi antennas are best suited.

Different Methods of Charging

1. Inductive charging 2. Radio charging 3. Resonance charging

Yagi Uda Antenna

It is a directional antenna consisting of a driven element (typically dipole) and additional parasitic elements(usually reflectors and one or more directors) Reflector element is slightly longer than the driven dipole whereas directors are little bit shorter. This design achieves a very substantial increase in antennas directionality and gain compared to simple dipole Highly directional antennas such as yagi uda antennas are commonly referred to as beam antennas due to there higher gain.

Figure 3: A picture of the 9 dBi gain Yagi antenna

Receiver
Block diagram of a receiver is as shown in the figure

It consists of receiving antenna, rectifier circuit and load(AAA battery)

Receiver main purpose is to charge AAA battery.

Simple battery charging theory is to run current through the battery, and apply the voltage difference between the terminals to the battery to reverse the chemical process.

Rectifier circuit

A full wave rectifier is used due to its simplicity and efficiency in converting the AC signals. The full wave rectifier consists of four schottky diodes. Schottky diodes are used because of their very low turnon voltage and operating frequency of 900Mhz.

Peak Detector &Half-wave Peak Rectifier Output Waveform

Full-wave Rectifier& Full-wave Rectifier Output Waveform

Voltage Double Schematic

Final Design
The final design the wireless battery charger consists of the following important components: 1. Transmitter 2. Yagi antenna 3. Full-wave rectifiers circuit 4. RC circuit 5. Battery holder

picture of the transmitter with the Yagi antenna

picture of the final design circuit of the charging circuit

Possible improvements
A.

B.

Multiple Rectifiers By using multiple rectifiers more power gets rectified. However this design will need a spiral antenna array which is difficult to design High Gain Parabolic antenna Parabolic antenna will be able to transmit power from transmitter with much higher gain and receive with greater power than yagi antenna. Disadvantage is parabolic antenna are size and fixed-direction antenna.

Advantages: 1. Portable 2. Relatively lesser cost 3. Saves time

Disadvantage: 1. Less efficient

Conclusion

Power loss and efficiency are the major problems for this design. The characteristics of diodes must be such that maximum rectification is possible with minimum loss. Time varying current and voltage relationship at the physical point of the diode in the cavity determines loss in the diode hence the dc efficiency. So, it is essential to limit this loss.