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By Yakeaswari Mahendra Raj

DEFINITION
Terrorism

is the systematic use of terror, often io!ent, es"ecia!!y as a means of coercion#

$Merriam %e&ster dictionary$

TYPES OF TERrORISM

'o!itica! terrorism
(sua!!y

takes "!ace within the confines of a country#

Different "o!itica! or)ani*ations de e!o" differin) "o!itica! iews as to where the country shou!d &e )oin)# +ines are drawn &etween conser ati e and !i&era! socia!ist ideo!o)y# One usua!!y &!amin) the others for the state of the country,s "oor economic and socia! condition# 'ro"a)anda increases hatred unti! someone sna"s and takes matters into his own hands# The terrorism can take the form of an assassination as with -.F/0 or the &om&in) of a )o ernment &ui!din) as in Ok!ahoma with Timothy Mc1ei)h#

E2ONOMI2 TERRORI3M
Occurs

as an o""osition to ca"ita!ist ideo!o)y#

It can take "!ace anywhere in the wor!d and a)ainst a "articu!ar country, a financia! or)ani*ation or a com"any# The most infamous case of economic terrorism is 4566 &ut there are others !ike oi! "i"e!ine &om&in)s in Ni)eria, and minin) com"any &om&in)s in 3outh 7merica# On 3e"t 66 8996 the Terrorist or)ani*ation 7!$:aeda !ed &y Bin +aden or)ani*ed a major economic statement a)ainst the center of wor!d ca"ita!ism, the twin towers that housed the %or!d Trade Or)ani*ation# 3ince then 7!$:aeda has owed to attack e ery sym&o! of (3 im"eria!ism anywhere in the wor!d and has &een affecti e or thwarted on se era! other occasions#

RE+I;IO(3 TERRORI3M
It

is ar)ua&!y the most dan)erous of the three major forms of terrorism#

It started thousands of years in the midd!e east and is the "roduct of festerin) )rie ances &etween Is!am, .udaism and 2hristianity# Re!i)ious ideo!o)y can &e considered a ste"$father of the others &ecause it can and does )reat!y inf!uence ones "o!itica! and economica! iews# The more re!i)ious a "erson is the more conser ati e he tends to &e and the !ess re!i)ious the more +i&era!# 2onser ati es are usua!!y u"set a&out the mora! "rinci"!es in re!ation to the !ifesty!e of a "eo"!e and cu!ture#

For thousands of years there ha e &een &ruta! wars &etween the .ews of Israe! and their surroundin) 7ra& nei)h&ors# O er time the .ews &ecame fra)mented and most were either dri en out or o!untari!y re$!ocated into Euro"e, 7sia, 7frica, and the (nited 3tates# 7fter the e ents of %%8 where a""ro<# 8 to = mi!!ion .ews in Euro"e were ki!!ed &y >it!er, the (nited Nations re$drew the ma" of the midd!e east and )a e Israe! &ack to the .ews# The 'a!estinian "eo"!e who were inha&itin) the !and were "ushed out to accommodate the re"atriatin) .ews# Not sur"risin)!y conf!ict imminent!y f!ared u" and the (N had to su""ort the .ews with arms to defend themse! es#

>I3TORY OF TERRORI3T 7TT72/3


2005-

United Kingdom, .u!y 86? +ondon &om&in)s $ E<"!osions in three +ondon (nder)round stations and one dou&!e$decker &us# This was "ronounced as a @major incident@ rather than an attack, and on!y minor injuries were re"orted# These four &om&s were desi)ned to cause as much dama)e as the A .u!y 899= +ondon &om&in)s, &ut the e<"!osi es had deteriorated and fai!ed to detonate#BThis incident ha""ens short!y after the announcement of +ondon 8969 O!ym"ics# 2007$Twin suicide &om&in)s occur in /arachi near a truck carryin) former 'rime Minister Bena*ir Bhutto throu)h a crowded street of su""orters ei)ht hours after her return from e<i!e, des"ite 89,999 security officers ha in) &een assi)ned to "rotect her# 7t !east 6CD are ki!!ed and CEA are woundedF Bhutto esca"es unharmed# The Ta!i&an or 7! :aeda is sus"ected#

2008-Islama ad# The Marriott >ote! is attacked &y a massi e suicide car &om&, ki!!in) o er D9 and injurin) 8=9# The &!ast caused a natura! )as !eak fire, which destroyed the hote! further# >ours &efore the &!ast, 'resident 7sif 7!i Gardari addressed a joint session of 'ar!iament and "romised to root out terrorism#

2008-M!m ai# 7rmed terrorists o"ened fire at ei)ht different sites in a coordinated attack# They wie!ded automatic wea"ons and attacked !ocations inc!udin) a train station, hote!s, restaurants, a "o!ice station, and a hos"ita!# 3ome terrorists took hosta)es and hi)h mi!itary )rade e<"!osi es -RDH0 were found near&yF at !east ei)ht e<"!osions were re"orted# 'akistan,s a)ency I3I has &een found in o! ed in it# The attacks were carried out &y 'akistan &acked terror )rou" +ashkar$e$ Tai&a# The mi!itants were trained &y 'akistani inte!!i)ence a)ency Inter 3er ices Inte!!i)ence -I3I0# 'akistan has &een in a state of denia! re)ardin) this and has fai!ed to coo"erate with the in esti)ation and arrest key jihadi terrorist !eaders su""orted &y its army e en after &ein) handed o er su&stantia! e idence &y India#

27(3E3 OF TERRORI3M

3ocia!

and "o!itica! injustice? 'eo"!e choose terrorism when they are tryin) to ri)ht what they "ercei e to &e a socia! or "o!itica! or historica! wron)Iwhen they ha e &een stri""ed of their !and or ri)hts, or denied these# The &e!ief that io!ence or its threat wi!! &e effecti e, and usher in chan)e# 7nother way of sayin) this is? the &e!ief that io!ent means justify the ends# Many terrorists in history said sincere!y that they chose io!ence after !on) de!i&eration, &ecause they fe!t they had no choice#

The

IR7 -Irish Re"u&!ican 7rmy0 &om&ed En)!ish tar)ets in the 64E9s to make the "oint that they fe!t their !and was co!oni*ed &y British im"eria!ists# In the 64D9s and 64A9s, the 'o"u!ar Front for the +i&eration of 'a!estine fe!t that armed attacks in Israe! were a justifia&!e res"onse to the usur"ation of their !and# Osama &in +aden,s dec!aration of war on 7merican interests in the 6449s stemmed from his &e!ief that (#3# troo"s stationed in 3audi 7ra&ia re"resented an a&omination to the kind of Is!amic state he &e!ie ed shou!d e<ist in the 7ra&ian "eninsu!a#

EFFE"TS OF TERRORISM

2han)es in the ;ross Domestic 'roduct -;D'0# B (nem"!oyment !e e! increases# Inf!ation !e e! increases# The rate of Forei)n Direct In estment -FDI0# The "erformance of the stock market wi!! dro"# 2han)es in the a!ue of the !oca! currency# B The !e e! of the )o ernmenta! de&t wi!! increase +e e! of )o ernment defense s"endin) wi!! increase# The hea!th of "articu!ar sectors of the economy# B 3erious unrest and dis"ute amon) "u&!ic and "o!iticians#

REFEREN2E3
www#merriam$we&ster#com5dictionary5terrorism

htt"?55mintinfo#hu&"a)es#com5hu&5Terrorism$and$ Its$2auses htt"?55www8#hci#edu#s)5y9Ehci966E5DtoD5terrorism Jeffects5inde<#htm! htt"?55www8#hci#edu#s)5y9Ehci966E5DtoD5terrorism Jhistory5inde<#htm! htt"?55terrorism#a&out#com5od5causes5a5causesJterr or#htm

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