SIMS – PGDM

Indore
PROFILING OF A COUNTRY-
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Presented by:
Garima Bhatia

Kapil Chawla
Lal Bihari Pandey
Rajiv Ranjan
Shweta Vijavargiya
THE UNITED STATESBatch
OF 2008-10, I-Trimester
1
AMERICA
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Motto: In God We Trust (official)
E Pluribus Unum (Latin;
traditional)
(Out of Many, One)
Capital Washington, D.C

Largest New York City

city
National English
language
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 INTRODUCTION
• The United States of America is a federal constitutional
republic comprising fifty states and a federal district.

• The country is situated mostly in central North America.

• At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km²) and with

about 305 million people, the United States is the third or
fourth largest country by total area, and third largest by
land area and by population.

• The country grew out of the British colonies that were

established in North America in the first half of the 17th
century.

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Cont..
• Iron and steel, food and kindred products,
chemicals, metal products, electronic equipment,
machinery, transportation equipment, paper,
petroleum products, fertilisers, plastics are the
main industries.

• Machinery, chemicals, motor vehicles, air craft

military equipment, grains, cereals are the
exporting categories.

• The United States is one of the world's most

ethnically diverse and multicultural nations.
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GEOGRAPHY

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 GEOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION
• The United States is one of the states of North America
situated almost entirely in the Western Hemisphere.

• The United States stretches from the Pacific Ocean on the

west to the Atlantic Ocean on the east, with the Gulf of
Mexico to the southeast.

• The United States is the world's third largest nation in area

after Russia and Canada.

• The Mississippi–Missouri River, the world's fourth longest

river system, runs mainly north–south through the heart of
the country.

• Active volcanoes are common throughout Alaska's

Alexander and Aleutian Islands, and Hawaii consists of
volcanic islands. THE UNITED STATES OF 6
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GEOGRAPHICAL FIGURES

• Area : 9,826,630 sq. km.

: 3,794,066 sq. mi.
• Water : 6.76 %
• Population : 305,999,000
• Density : 31 per sq. km.
: 80 per sq. mi.

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POLITICAL MAP OF USA

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 POLITICAL DESCRIPTION
• The United States is a federal union of fifty states.

• Most of the states have been carved from territory

obtained through war or purchase by the U.S. government.

• The United States also possesses five major overseas

territories: Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin
Islands in the Caribbean; and American Samoa, Guam,
and the Northern Mariana Islands in the Pacific.

• The states do not have the right to secede from the union.

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 CULTURE & EDUCATION

• The United States is an enormous exporter of

entertainment, especially television, movies and music.
• American public education is operated by state and local
governments, regulated by the United State Department of
Education.
• The United States has many competitive private and public
institutions of higher education, as well as local community
colleges with open admission policies.
• The United Nations assigns the United States an Education
Index of 0.97, tying it for 12th in the world.
• The basic literacy rate is approximately 99%.
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EDUCATION LEVEL
9.6% earned graduate degrees

27.2% earned bachelor's degree

52.6% attended some college

84.6% graduated from

high school

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 HISTORY OF
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• The indigenous peoples of the United States mainland,
including Alaska natives, migrated from Asia.
• They began arriving at least 12,000 and as many as
40,000 years ago, such as the pre Columbian
Mississippian culture, developed advanced agriculture,
grand architecture, and state-level.
• In 1492, Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus under
the contract to the Spanish crown, reached several
Caribbean island, making first contact with the
indigenous people.
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 Cont..

• On April 2, 1513 Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de Leon

landed on what he called "La Florida"—the first documented
European arrival on what would become the U.S. mainland.

• In 1674, the Dutch ceded their American territory to

England; the province of New Netherlands was renamed New
York.

• Many new immigrants, especially to the South, were

indentured servants—some two-thirds of all Virginia
immigrants between 1630 and 1680.

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Cont..
• With the 1732 colonization of Georgia, the thirteen
British colonies that would become the United
States of America were established.

• The Christian revivalist movement of the 1730s

and 1740s known as the Great Awakening fueled
interest in both religion and religious liberty.

• The Progressive Era marked a time of economic

growth for the United States, advancing to the
Roaring Twenties.
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Cont..
• However, the Wall Street Crash of 1929 led to the Great
Depression, a time of economic downturn and mass
unemployment. Consequently, the U.S. government
established the New Deal, a series of reform programs that
intended to assist those affected by the Depression.

• In 1941 USA entered into 2nd world war, the economy

quickly recovered, so much that the U.S. became a world
superpower by the dawn of the Cold War.

• During the Cold War, the U.S. and the Soviet Union were
the world's two superpowers, but with the end of the Cold
War and the collapse of the Soviet Union, United States
became the world's only superpower.
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 Government and Elections
The federal government is composed of four
branches:

• Executive
• Legislative
• Judicial
• Elections

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Cont…
• EXECUTIVE • President - Nationally
elected by a college of
representatives who are
elected directly from
each state.
• Cabinet - Appointed by
the President, confirmed
by the Senate.

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• Legislative • House of
Representatives - 435
Congressmen elected by
plurality vote.
• Senate - 100 Senators
(each State given 2
seats) elected by
plurality vote

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• Judicial • Supreme Court - 9
justices appointed by
the President, confirmed
by the Senate. Life term.
May be impeached by
Congress.
• All other Federal
Judges are appointed
and removed through
the same processes.
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• Election Fixed elections held
every second year in
November. Every 2
years for House Reps, 4
years for Presidents, and
6 years for Senators
staggered so that one
third of the seats are up
for election every 2
years.

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 INDUSTRIALIZATION

• The Industrial Revolution began in United States in

the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
• Most of the new workers were immigrants and
between 1845 and 1855, some 300,000 European
immigrants arrived annually.
• The slave-labor system was abolished, making the
large southern cotton plantations much less
profitable.
• Industrialists came to dominate many aspects of the
nation's life, including social and political affairs. 21
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 ECONOMY
OF
THE UNITED STATES

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ECONOMY OF THE UNITED STATES

Currency United States Dollar (USD)

Fiscal year 1 October - 30 September

Trade NAFTA,WTO
Organization

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 STATISTICS
GDP(PPP) $13.81 trillion (2007)

GDP growth 0.7% (2008)

GDP per $45,850 (2007)

capita

GDP by sector agriculture (0.9%), industry

(20.6%), services (78.5%)

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 STATISTICS

Inflation 3.7% (Oct 2007 to Oct 2008)

Population 12.5% (2007)
below poverty
line
Labor force 154.5 million (includes
unemployed) (May 2008)
Unemployment 6.5% (October 2008)

Main industries Petroleum, Steel, chemicals,

Telecomm, consumer goods,
Mining
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 STATISTICS
Labor force Managerial and professional -
by 35.5%
occupation Technical, sales and administrative
support - 24.8%
Services - 16.5%
Manufacturing, mining,
transportation, and crafts - 24%
Farming, forestry, and fishing -
0.6% (excludes unemployed) (2007)
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 PUBLIC FINANCES

Public debt $10.53 trillion

(October 2008) 73%
of GDP
Revenues $2.523 trillion
(2008)
Expenses $3.150 trillion
(2008)

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 US ECONOMY
• The economy of the United States is the largest
national economy in the world.

• Its GDP was estimated as $13.8 trillion in 2007.

• GDP per capita is $46,000 in 2007, ranked at

around number ten in the world.

• A low unemployment rate, and high levels of

research and capital investment
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 HOW THE US ECONOMY WORKS
• The United States is often described as a "capitalist"
economy.

• Entrepreneurs and managers bring together natural

resources.

• American economy is described as a "mixed"

economy.

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BASIC INGREDIENTS OF THE
U.S. ECONOMY
First Ingredient - Natural Resources
It includes:
• Mineral resources
• Fertile farm soil
• Moderate climate

Second Ingredient - Labor

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 MONETARY POLICY

• A relatively independent central bank, known as the

Federal Reserve, was formed in 1913.
• It provides a stable currency and monetary policy.
• The federal government use both monetary policy
fiscal policy.
• The U.S. dollar has been regarded as one of the most
stable currencies in the world.
• The dollar used gold standard and/or silver standard
from 1785 until 1975, when it became a fiat currency.

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 INTERNATIONAL TRADE
External debt: Liabilities to foreigners
• Gross U.S. liabilities to foreigners are $16.3 trillion
as of the end of 2006, or over 100% of GDP.

• The U.S. Net International Investment Position

(NIIP) deteriorated to a negative $2.5 trillion at the
end of 2006, or about minus 19% of GDP.

• This figure rises as long as the US maintains an

imbalance in trade, specifically, when the value of
imports substantially outweighs the value of exports.

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 TRADE AGREEMENTS

• U.S. is a member of several international trade

organizations.

• The purpose of joining these organizations is to come

to agreement with other nations on trade issues,
although there is some disagreement among U.S.
citizens as to whether or not the U.S. government
should be making these trade agreements in the first
place.

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 TRADE AGREEMENTS
Here is a list of free trade agreements in force of which the United
States is part:
• US-Israel Free Trade Agreement (1985)
• North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (1994)
• US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement (2001)
• Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement (2004)
• United States-Chile Free Trade Agreement (2004)
• US-Singapore Free Trade Agreement (2004)
• United States-Bahrain Free Trade Agreement (2006)
• United States-Morocco Free Trade Agreement (2006)
• US-Oman Free Trade Agreement (2006)
• United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement (2007)
• Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement
(DR-CAFTA) (2008)
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IMPORTS AND EXPORTS

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 CONCLUSION
• We can conclude that the economy of the United
States is the largest national economy in the world.
• But, after 2007 the GDP growth rate has been
declining and in July, 2008 it became negative as the
world was facing economic recession.
• US is in the midst of the greatest recession. The
economy has not yet hit bottom and are expecting
not just the longest, but the most painful recession in
modern history.
• Enormous inflow of capital from China is one of the
root causes of the financial crisis engulfing the US as
of September 2008.

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