Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Basco, PTRP
Faculty
Department of Physical Therapy
College of Allied Medical Professions
University of the Philippines Manila
At the end of the session, you should be able
to:
Explain the importance of studying gait in
PT and OT
Identify fundamental requirements of
normal gait
Define the phases and sub-phases of gait
kinetic variables
Explain the “determinants” of gait
Describe changes in aging
Describe effects of common pathological
conditions on gait
Appreciation of our own locomotor ability
Knowledge of gait is important in
Others
◦ Intact musculoskeletal system
◦ Normal muscle tone
◦ Intact sensory system
Tasks accomplished by gait
Gait cycle:
◦ Phases
◦ Sub-phases
Time and distance parameters of gait
Relationships among gait variables
Tasks accomplished by gait
Weight acceptance
Single limb support
Limb advancement
Gait cycle phases
Gait cycle, stride, step
Stance
A. Initial contact
B. Loading response
C. Preswing
D. Initial swing
This sub-phase of stance occurs from the time
the contralateral foot gets into contact with the
ground until the reference foot lifts off the
ground:
A. Terminal stance
B. Preswing
C. Loading response
A. Cadence
B. Step length
C. DLS time
HO – TO 15 deg d/flex –
20 deg p/flex
HO – TO 0 – 40 deg flex
A. 20
B. 10
C. 5
A. Toe off
B. Acceleration
C. Midswing
D. Deceleration
Normally, the hip must extend to at least this
many degrees during HO – TO to aid limb
advancement:
A. 10
B. 20
C. 30
Ground reaction forces
Electromyographic activity
Ankle dorsiflexors
Just after initial contact
Swing phase
Ankle plantarflexors
Loading response
Preswing
Knee extensors
Loading response
Preswing (slight)
◦ Rectus femoris
Knee flexors
Terminal swing to initial contact
Initial swing
Hip extensors
Terminal swing to initial contact
Hip flexors
Initial swing
Hip abductors
Loading response through midstance
Hip adductors
Preswing ; Initial swing
Back extensors
At initial contact (both sides)
Peak activity of the knee extensors occur in:
A. Loading response
B. Midstance
C. Terminal stance
D. Preswing
At initial contact, the erector spinae on both
sides are active to check:
A. Trunk flexion
C. Hip flexion
A. Initial contact
B. Loading response
C. Terminal stance
D. Preswing
Reduce maximum COM height of the body
during midstance
◦ GAIT velocity
◦ STEP length
◦ Arm swing
◦ PELVIC rotation
◦ ANKLE motions
Common observable changes*
Increased:
◦ Cadence
◦ DLS time
◦ Postural sway
The COM of the body normally translates a
total of ____ cm in the coronal plane:
A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
A. Antalgic
B. Hemiplegic
C. Equinus
B. DLS time
A. Equinus
B. Parkinsonian
C. Ataxic
Most of it depends...