Social stratificationSC,ST,OBC and weaker section

Content
Introduction Problems Government policies for cope up Impact of policies Issue regarding Reservation Conclusion

(Social) stratification

ranking some individuals and groups as more deserving than others; from this a social hierarchy is formed which is a set of ranked statuses from highest to lowest

Where does this system come from?

The most widely accepted theory is that the four basic divisions of the Hindu caste systemthe Varna developed in the period 1500-1000 B.C. as a result of the Aryan conquest of India.

Who are SC,ST and OBC?

STs are generally those who have been living in tribal areas located far away from modern civilizationsuch that the fruits of modern education and development have not reached them in, at least, an equal measure. Other Backward Classes (OBCs) are defined as peoples economically and socially backward other than SC, ST, and FC.

Weaker section
This Nation is full of Weaker Sections, who are deprived neglected. Woman the weakest of the weaker section. The Women generally have been reduced, to be the Weaker Section of the Society. Women come in different Roles.

Schemes and Policies

Elimination of discrimination and all forms of violence against women and the girl child Womens Movements in the Country, with a number of Non-Government Organisations. Women's Reservation Bill Scheme for financing crches. Attendance scholarship for girls up to 10th standard.

Distribution
According to the 61st Round Survey of the NSSO, almost nine-tenths of Buddhists in India belonged to scheduled castes of the Constitution while one-third of Christians belonged to scheduled tribes.

religion
Buddhism Christianity Sikhism Hinduism

SC
89.5% 9.00% 17.0% 22.20%

ST
7.40% 32.8% 0.90% 9.10%

Jainism
Islam

---0.80%

2.60%
0.50%

Total student population by caste

Total Student population by Caste
0% 14%

caste
14%

72%

dalit/untoucha ble low caste general castes

Problems
Discrimination. violence against the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes Discrimination against ST and SC children can be seen in evidence of the education system. Discrimination in jobs.

Constitutional framework for safeguarding of interests

The Constitution provides a framework with a three pronged strategy to improve the situation of SCs and STs. Protective Arrangements- to enforce equality Affirmative action- to higher education

Development- bridge the wide gap in social and economic condition between the SCs/STs and other communities.

Government policies for cope up

Reservation Policy in education Reservation Policy in jobs Scheduled Castes and Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989

Reservation Policy in education

Literacy rates among general scheduled caste and scheduled tribe population

Reservation Policy in jobs

Reservation status of scheduled caste in central Government Recruitment
year 1953 Class I 0.35 Class II 1.29 Class III 4.62 Class (in IV %) 20.52

1965
1970 1975 1979 1992 1995

1.64
2.36 3.43 4.83 9.7 10.3

2.82
3.84 4.98 8.07 11.60 13.13

8.88
9.27 10.27 11.54 15.80 15.46

17.73
18.09 18.64 19.16 20.7 20.46

Source: 1. Department of Personnel, Government of India, Report-1993 2. Social Welfare Committee for SCs/STs Report-99-2000

Scheduled Castes and Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989

The objectives of the Act clearly emphasize the intention of the Government to deliver justice to these communities through proactive efforts to enable them to live in society with dignity and self-esteem and without fear or violence or suppression from the dominant castes.

Impact of policies
Increase In Literacy rate of Total Population SC/ST During 1961-1991
Year Total SCHEDULED CASTE ( % Increase ) Male Female SCHEDULED TRIBE ( % Increase ) Total Male Female TOTAL POPULATION ( % Increase ) Total Male Female

1961

10.27

16.96

3.29

8.53

13.83

3.16

28.31

40.40

15.34

1971

14.67 (42.84%)

22.36 (31.83%)

6.44 (95.75%)

11.30

17.63

4.85 (53.48%)

34.45 (21.69%)

45.95 (13.74%)

21.97 (43.22%)

(32.47% (27.48%) ) 16.35 24.52

1981

21.38 (45.74%)

31.12 (39.18%)

10.93 (69.72%)

8.04 (65.77%)

43.56 (26.44%)

56.37 (22.67%)

29.75 (35.41%)

(44.69% (39.08%) ) 29.60 40.65

1991

37.41 (74.98%)

49.91 (60.38%)

23.76 (117.38%)

18.19

52.21 (19.86%)

64.13 (13.77%)

39.29 (32.07%)

(81.04% (65.78%) (126.24%) )

Issue regarding Reservation

Conclusion
What can be done
Indians should learn to ask the political parties and as well as tell them we want reservation in every where only based on the collective income of the family not caste or religion.

By, PARVEEN BANO ROLLNO-36D