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The number of pounds of water per pound of cement. A low ratio means higher strengths, a high ratio means lower strengths. For NCDOT, the ratio depends on the class of concrete, whether an air agent is used or not, and the shape of the stone - rounded or angular.
Water/Cement Ratio
How much cement is needed? 250 / 0.500 = 500 pounds of `````````````````````` cement
Water/Cementitious Problem
Cement Used in Mix 436 pounds Fly Ash in Mix 131 pounds Maximum Water 36.0 gallons Total Water 33.5 gallons Metered Water 27.5 gallons Free Water in aggregates 50 pounds
Determine the design w/c ratio and the batched w/c ratio
Add Cement And Fly Ash: 436 + 131 = 567 pounds Convert Metered Water Into Pounds: 27.5 X 8.33 = 229 pounds Add free water 229 + 50 = 279 Lbs 279 / 567 = 0.492
QUESTIONS
In determining mix designs, you must use an aggregate dry rodded unit weight. This weight is determined at the lab. In the procedure for determining this weight, only the coarse aggregate is used. Therefore, there is a % of solids and a % of voids in the container.
Example:
Dry Rodded Unit Weight: Specific Gravity Of Agg.: % Solids = 96.6 pcf 2.80
% Voids =
PROBLEM SOLUTION
1.Water: 209 + 15 = 224 gals 224 X 8.33 = 1866 pounds Add all material: 4060+7733 +13,586 +1866 = 27,245 Divide by unit weight: 27,245 = 7.1 cu. yd. (142.10 X 27)
PROBLEM SOLUTION
2. Water / Cement = Ratio 1866 / 4060 = 0.460
3. (A) % Solid 88.6 = 0.508 X 100 = 51% (2.79 X 62.4) (B) % Void = 100 51 = 49%
PROBLEM SOLUTION
4. Wet Sand: 5.9 - 0.5 = 5.4% 5.4 / 100 = 0.054 0.054 X 1102 = 59.5 pounds 1102 + 60 = 1162 pounds (batch weight) Dry Sand: 0.5 / 100 = 0.005 0.005 X 1102 = 5.5 pounds 1102 - 6.0 = 1096 pounds
PROBLEM SOLUTION
5. SSD sand weight ? 1720 / 1.062 = 1620 pounds SSD sand
PROBLEM SOLUTION
6. Gallons of Water from Wet Sand
HOMEWORK PROBLEM
QUESTIONS