Attitude

Prepared by : - Amit Maisuriya

Definition
A settled way of thinking or feeling about something. It express an individuals positive and negative feeling about some objects. It descries an individuals feelings, thoughts and predisposition to act toward some object in the environment.

Attitudes
Evaluative statements either favorable or unfavorable concerning objects, people or events
Attitudes reflect how one feels about something

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Attitude can be characterized in three ways:

First, they tend to persist unless something is done to change them. Second, attitudes can fall anywhere along a continuum from very favorable to very unfavorable. Third, attitudes are directed toward some object about which a person has feelings( sometimes called affect) and beliefs.

Nature of Attitude
ASPECTS OF VALENCE-the degree of favourableness or unfavourableness toward the event ASPECTS OF MULTIPLEXITY-number of element constituting the attitude RELATION TO NEED ASPECT-vary in relation to needs they serve CENTRALITY ASPECT-importance of attitude object to someone

Components of Attitudes
The three basic components of attitude are cognitive, Affective and Behavioural part. Cognitive Component of Attitude refers to opinion or belief part of attitude. When you form your opinion or judgment on the basis of available information and decide whether you have a favorable or unfavorable opinion on that, it the cognitive part of attitude we are talking about. Affective Component of Attitude refers to the emotional aspect of attitude. This is perhaps the most often referred part of attitude and decides mostly the desirable or undesirable aspect attitude. Behavioral Component of Attitude refers to the behavioral part of attitude. If we have a positive attitude for a particular object, it is likely to be translated into a particular type of behavior, such as buying or procuring that object.

Motive Definition
A motive is an inner state that energies, activates, or moves (hence motivation), and that directs behavior towards goals.

Motivation
Motivation is the complex forces starting and keeping a person at work in an organization. Motivation is something that moves that person to action, and continues him in the course of action already initiated.

According to McFarland
Motivation refers to the way in which urges, drives, desires, aspirations, strivings, or needs direct, control or explain the behavior of human beings.

Nature of Motivation
1. Based on motives :- Motivation is based on individuals motives which are internal to the individual. These motives are in the form of feelings that the individual lacks something. In order to over come this feeling of lack ness, he tries to behave in a manner which helps overcoming this feeling. 2. Affected by Motivating :- Motivation is affected by way the individual is motivated. The act of motivating channelizes need satisfaction. Beside, it can also activate the latent needs in the individual, that is the needs that are less strong and some what dormant and harness theme in the manner that would be functional for the organisation.

Conti
3. Goal directed Behavior: - Motivation lead to goal directed behavior. A goial directed behavior is one which satisfies the causes for which behavior takes place. Motivation has profound influence on human behavior; in the organization context, it harness human energy to organizational requirements. 4. Related to satisfaction : - Motivation is related to satisfaction. Satisfaction refers to the contentment experience if an individual which he derives out of need fulfillment. Thus, satisfaction is a consequence of rewards and punishments associated with pas experience. It provides means to analyse outcomes already experience by individual.

Conti
5. Person Motivated in Totality:A person is mitivated in totality and not in part. Each individual in the organization is a self contained unit and his needs are interrelated. These affect his behavior in different ways. Moreover, feeling of needs and their satisfaction is a continuous process.

As such, these create continuity in behavior.

6. Complex Process:- motivation is a complex process; complexity emerges because of the nature of needs and the type of behavior that is attempted to satisfy those needs. These generate complexity in motivaiton process in the following ways. I. Needs are internal feelings of individuals and sometimes, even they, themselves, may not be quite aware about their needs and priority of these. Thus, understanding of human needs and providing means for their satisfaction becomes difficult. II. Even needs are identified,

Benefits of Motivation
Motivation is a very important for an organization because of the following benefits it provides: Puts human resources into action: Every concern requires physical, financial and human resources to accomplish the goals. It is through motivation that the human resources can be utilized by making full use of it. This can be done by building willingness in employees to work. This will help the enterprise in securing best possible utilization of resources. Improves level of efficiency of employees: The level of a subordinate or a employee does not only depend upon his qualifications and abilities. For getting best of his work performance, the gap between ability and willingness has to be filled which helps in improving the level of performance of subordinates. This will result into Increase in productivity, Reducing cost of operations, and Improving overall efficiency.

Conti
Leads to achievement of organizational goals: The goals of an enterprise can be achieved only when the following factors take place : There is best possible utilization of resources, There is a co-operative work environment, The employees are goal-directed and they act in a purposive manner, Goals can be achieved if co-ordination and co-operation takes place simultaneously which can be effectively done through motivation.

Builds friendly relationship:Motivation is an important factor which brings employees satisfaction. This can be done by keeping into mind and framing an incentive plan for the benefit of the employees. This could initiate the following things:
Monetary and non-monetary incentives, Promotion opportunities for employees, Disincentives for inefficient employees.

Conti
In order to build a cordial, friendly atmosphere in a concern, the above steps should be taken by a manager. This would help in: Effective co-operation which brings stability, Industrial dispute and unrest in employees will reduce, The employees will be adaptable to the changes and there will be no resistance to the change, This will help in providing a smooth and sound concern in which individual interests will coincide with the organizational interests, This will result in profit maximization through increased productivity.

Conti
Leads to stability of work force: Stability of workforce is very important from the point of view of reputation and goodwill of a concern. The employees can remain loyal to the enterprise only when they have a feeling of participation in the management. The skills and efficiency of employees will always be of advantage to employees as well as employees. This will lead to a good public image in the market which will attract competent and qualified people into a concern. As it is said, Old is gold which suffices with the role of motivation here, the older the people, more the experience and their adjustment into a concern which can be of benefit to the enterprise. From the above discussion, we can say that motivation is an internal feeling which can be understood only by manager since he is in close contact with the employees. Needs, wants and desires are inter-related and they are the driving force to act. These needs can be understood by the manager and he can frame motivation plans accordingly. We can say that motivation therefore is a continuous process since motivation process is based on needs which are unlimited. The process has to be continued throughout.

Importance
A motivated employee is quality oriented. Motivated workers are more productive. They always look for better way of doing jobs.

Conti
We can summarize by saying that motivation is important both to an individual and a business. Motivation is important to an individual as : Motivation will help him achieve his personal goals. If an individual is motivated, he will have job satisfaction. Motivation will help in self-development of individual. An individual would always gain by working with a dynamic team. Similarly, motivation is important to a business as : The more motivated the employees are, the more empowered the team is. The more is the team work and individual employee contribution, more profitable and successful is the business. During period of amendments, there will be more adaptability and creativity. Motivation will lead to an optimistic and challenging attitude at work place.