Charles I of England

Cromwell’s Rise to Power

 Gained a seat in
Parliament in 1628
 Inherited an estate
from his uncle
 Became a vice-
general of New Model
Army (1645)
 Strict Puritan
behavior
Charles’s Relationship with
Parliament
 Inherited political and religious disunity
from father
 Summoned and dissolved Parliament
three times through 1625-1629
 Unsuccessfully levied taxes
 Petition of Right was passed by both the
House of Commons and the House of
Lords
 Duke of Buckingham assassinated
Charles’s Personal Rule
 Ruled for 11 years
without convening
Parliament
 Tightened central
control—era marked by
peace
 “Misuse of power”
Religious Conflicts
 He married Henrietta Maria, a French Catholic
princess
 Charles was accused of “papist conspiracy”
against Protestants
 Ecclesiastical Court of High Commission
 Archbishop of Canterbury William Laud
enforced Anglicanism on a Presbyterian
Scottish population (1637)
 Scottish rebellions led to onset of Bishops’
War (1639)
 Charles forced to reconvene Parliament
End of Eleven Years Tyranny
 Charles needed money to suppress revolts
 Short Parliament dissolved (April-May 1640):
attempted to curtail powers
 Long Parliament (1640-1660): called after Scots
defeated English army at Battle of Newburn (1640)
 Attempted to arrest 5 members of the House of
Commons (1642)
 Power shifted from House of Lords to House of
Commons
Two sides
 Parliamentarians  Royalists
 Small landowners  Aristocrats
 Puritans  Anglicans
 Reformists  Conformists
 “Roundheads”  “Cavaliers”
 Southern and eastern  Northern and western
provinces (London) provinces (Wales)
Parliament’s Advantages
 Allied with Covenanters (1643)
 New Model Army created by Militia
Ordinance(1645)
 Controlled more ports
The English Civil War
 First Civil War (1642-45): Charles is defeated
and refuses a constitutional monarchy
 Second Civil War (1648-49): Charles allies with
the Scottish and is defeated
 1649-1653: England under Parliament control
 Third Civil War (1650-51): Charles II declared
King of Scotland, and is exiled to France by
Cromwell
 Cromwell’s rule (1653-58): Lord Protector of
England
 1660: Charles II replaces Cromwell’s son
 Battles
 Edgehill (1642): 1st
major battle of the war;
Charles fails to invade
London
 Adwalton Moor (1643):
Royalists victorious and
capture Yorkshire
 Marston Moor (July
1644): Parliament
defeats Royalists
 Naseby (June 1645):
turning point of English
Civil War; New Model
Army defeats Charles
 Charles surrenders 1
year later
Pride’s Purge
 Colonel Pride breaches Long
Parliament (1648)
 Presbyterians opposed to king
removed from Parliament
 Remaining Rump Parliament supports
Charles’s execution
 High Court of Justice set up
Charles’s Beheading
 Organized by Cromwell
 High Court of Justice accused Charles
with high treason against citizens of
England
 He was beheaded on Jan. 30, 1649
Legacy of Charles I
 A “martyr of the people”
 Only person to ever be canonized by
Anglican church
 Set a precedent for parliamentary
monarchy
Bibliography
 Works Cited
 "Charles I of England -." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Web. 09 Oct. 2009.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_England>.
 Cromwell. Dir. Ken Hughes. Prod. Irving Allen. By Ken Hughes. Perf. Richard
Harris and Alec Guinness. Columbia Pictures, 1970. DVD.
 "The English Civil War. - U.S. Politics Online: A Political Discussion Forum
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War, Peace, Public Policy, Campaigns and Elections, Activism, Consumer
Affairs, Civil Rights & Liberties, Healthcare, Abortion, Drugs & Alcohol,
Environment, Gun Rights & Control, Education, Media, Ideology, Philosophy,
Religion. Web. 10 Oct. 2009. <http://www.uspoliticsonline.net/historical-
discourse/29365-english-civil-war.html>.
 Evans, Colin. Great Feuds in History: Ten Struggles that Shaped the World.
New York: Barnes and Noble, 2001. Print.
 Giles, Howard. "A brief history of the English Civil War." EventPlan Home Page.
2006. Web. 09 Oct. 2009. <http://www.eventplan.co.uk/Bol.ECWhistory.htm>.
 Kagan, Donald, Steven Ozment, and Frank M. Turner. The Western Heritage
Since 1300 (9th Edition). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2006. Print.
 "King Charles the First 1600-1649." British Civil Wars, Commonwealth and
Protectorate, 1638-60. 7 Mar. 2007. Web. 09 Oct. 2009. <http://www.british-
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