Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Roman Republic
Chapter 5
Pages 146-183
Chapter Outline
K W L
The Rise of Rome:
Land and People
(Copy on the back of your Rome Map)
People of Italy
1500BC-1000BC occupied
by Latins, herders and
farmers.
750-550BC Greeks
colonist pass along their
alphabet and agriculture
as well as art and
architecture.
800BC Etruscans found
the city of Rome, wore
the toga, and were the
most influential.
509BC The last Etruscan
king/tyrant is overthrown
and a Republic is
established
The Rise of Rome:
The Roman Republic
Read page 151: War and Conquest, and Why Rome was
Successful. 3-2-1
3 reasons why Romans were successful in war.
Good Diplomats
Senate
Patricians
Plebeians
Slaves
The Rise of Rome:
Roman State and Society
Roman Republic: Form of government in which the
leader is not a monarch and certain citizens have the
right to vote.
Senate: (government that was established by the
people to prevent a tyrant from misruling Rome.)
Two Consuls were elected annually to supervise
government and command armies.
One Dictator could be chosen during a time of war
or crisis for a temporary time.
Society organized by class: (A person could improve
their status.)
Patricians: landholding elite and could be members of
senate
Plebeians: Lower class free men like farmers, merchants,
etc.
Slaves: no rights or privileges but could one day become
citizens themselves.
Roman Law
One of Rome’s most lasting achievements was
their system of Law.
Twelve Tables:
First Roman code of Law
Civil Law:
Law that applied to Roman citizens
Law of Nations:
Universal law based on reason that applied to all
people
What Roman standards of justice can still be
found today?
Innocent until proven guilty
Right to a defend yourself before a judge
Fair trial
The Rise of Rome:
Expansion
Punic Wars 264-146 BC: Between
Rome and Carthage over who
would rule trade in the
Mediterranean.
First War over Sicily Rome
Wins
Second Carthage attacks
Rome from the north through
the Alps
Hannibal=Leader of
Carthage’s army that
wanted to destroy Rome.
Third War Rome destroys
Carthage.
Also expanded into Alexander’s
Empire by 168BC and the Holy
land in 63 BC.
Punic Wars: Read pages 153-154
Cause Major Battles Effect
First Punic Rome wants Rome creates a navy and Rome takes
War Sicily defeats Carthage Sicily
Second Punic Hannibal & Hannibal entered Spain, Rome lost half
War Carthage want crossed the Alps with its army at
revenge elephants, attacked Rome Cannae but kept
from the North the city safe
farmer
They were both killed by fellow members of the
Senate
Generals like Cornelius Sulla set a standard for using
the military to enforce their political power.
From Republic to Empire
End of the Republic: Julius Caesar
Great Roman general that
conquered Gaul
marched his army across
the Rubicon River into
Rome.
defeated Pompey and
Crassus, the other
members of the Triumvirate
and declared himself
dictator.
Triumvirate= three
people with equal power
He was Rome’s first true
dictator, or ruler with
absolute power that is not a
Monarch
March 15, 44 BC he was
assassinated in the Senate.
Rome under Julius Caesar
Honors: Caesar’s Funeral
1. Answer questions in the Reading Review.
2. Make a list of two or three words from each
document that you do not know and define.
3. What kind of documents are these?
4. Who are the speakers?
5. Who is the audience for each document?
6. What other information do you need to
better understand these documents?
From Republic to Empire
End of the Republic
The Second Triumvirate
plunges Rome into Civil
War again!
Octavian =
Grandnephew,
Antony = Caesar’s
Assistant, Lepidus =
Commander of
Cavalry
Answer the following
questions:
Who is Cleopatra?
Who became the
first emperor of
Rome?
How did he
accomplish this?
Cleopatra’s Suicide
From Republic to Empire
Roman Peace (Pax Romana)
Octavian Augustus ruled with
absolute power and began the Pax
Romana
His successors included good and
bad emperors
It was a 200 year period of peace
and prosperity to Roman Empire
from Euphrates River to Britain.
Legions maintained roads and navy
protected seas encouraging free
trade
Cultural diffusion: thoughts,
customs, and ideas spread
throughout the empire.
Roman Emperors
See chart in Guided Reading