You are on page 1of 29

The Rise and Fall of the

Roman Republic

Chapter 5
Pages 146-183
Chapter Outline

 The Rise of Rome


 From Republic to Empire
KWL
 Create a KWL for Ancient Rome:

K W L
The Rise of Rome:
Land and People
(Copy on the back of your Rome Map)

 The Geography of Rome


made it the perfect place
for a large and stable
empire.
 Italy is a peninsula
located in the
Mediterranean sea.
 Fertile plains and less
rugged terrain made it
much easier to unify than
Greece.
Geography of Rome
 Locate the
following on the
map provided:
 Rome
 Carthage
 Byzantium
 Jerusalem
 Sicily (shade
orange)
 Judea (shade
green)
 Alps
 Rubicon River
 Rhine River
•Color Rivers Blue
 Danube River •Mountains Brown
 Aegean Sea •Place red stripes over all the land that was part
of the Roman Empire by 14AD.
 Mediterranean
•Place purple polka dots on the area that used to
Sea be the Carthaginian Empire
The Rise of Rome:
The Roman Republic
•Legend: Romulus was raised by a wolf and killed his twin brother Remus for having a
smart mouth, before building a city on the Tiber River and establishing Rome.
•Reality: Romulus was the first of seven kings who ruled Rome as a city-state.

 People of Italy
 1500BC-1000BC occupied
by Latins, herders and
farmers.
 750-550BC Greeks
colonist pass along their
alphabet and agriculture
as well as art and
architecture.
 800BC Etruscans found
the city of Rome, wore
the toga, and were the
most influential.
 509BC The last Etruscan
king/tyrant is overthrown
and a Republic is
established
The Rise of Rome:
The Roman Republic
 Read page 151: War and Conquest, and Why Rome was
Successful. 3-2-1
 3 reasons why Romans were successful in war.
 Good Diplomats

 Excelled in Military Matters

 Law and Practical Politics

 2 victories for the new Republic


 338 BC Crushed the Latins

 264 BC overcome the Greeks

 1 way Romans gained support for their empire.


 Extended Roman citizenship and allowed states to run

their own affairs.


The Rise of Rome:
The Roman State
 Use page 152 to create a Social Hierarchy for Rome.
 Rank people from the few with the most power at the
top to the majority with the least power at the bottom.
(SEE GUIDED READING # 7.)
Dictator
2 Consuls

Senate

Patricians

Plebeians

Slaves
The Rise of Rome:
Roman State and Society
 Roman Republic: Form of government in which the
leader is not a monarch and certain citizens have the
right to vote.
 Senate: (government that was established by the
people to prevent a tyrant from misruling Rome.)
 Two Consuls were elected annually to supervise
government and command armies.
 One Dictator could be chosen during a time of war
or crisis for a temporary time.
 Society organized by class: (A person could improve
their status.)
 Patricians: landholding elite and could be members of
senate
 Plebeians: Lower class free men like farmers, merchants,
etc.
 Slaves: no rights or privileges but could one day become
citizens themselves.
Roman Law
 One of Rome’s most lasting achievements was
their system of Law.
 Twelve Tables:
 First Roman code of Law
 Civil Law:
 Law that applied to Roman citizens
 Law of Nations:
 Universal law based on reason that applied to all
people
 What Roman standards of justice can still be
found today?
 Innocent until proven guilty
 Right to a defend yourself before a judge
 Fair trial
The Rise of Rome:
Expansion
 Punic Wars 264-146 BC: Between
Rome and Carthage over who
would rule trade in the
Mediterranean.
 First War over Sicily Rome
Wins
 Second Carthage attacks
Rome from the north through
the Alps
 Hannibal=Leader of
Carthage’s army that
wanted to destroy Rome.
 Third War Rome destroys
Carthage.
 Also expanded into Alexander’s
Empire by 168BC and the Holy
land in 63 BC.
Punic Wars: Read pages 153-154
Cause Major Battles Effect
First Punic Rome wants Rome creates a navy and Rome takes
War Sicily defeats Carthage Sicily

Second Punic Hannibal & Hannibal entered Spain, Rome lost half
War Carthage want crossed the Alps with its army at
revenge elephants, attacked Rome Cannae but kept
from the North the city safe

Third Punic Prominent Carthage is burned and Hannibal


War Romans want destroyed in 10 days. commits suicide
to destroy Romans salt the land and Rome controls
Carthage take the people slaves the
Mediterranean
 While you watch the video clip, complete
numbers 13-15 of the Guided Reading
Roman Expansion Sheet.
The Rise of Rome:
Expansion
 Choose one of the following activities:
 Draw a cartoon with at least five frames illustrating the
major people and events of the Punic Wars.
 Include captions and color
 Pretend you are either a Roman or Carthaginian soldier at
the end of the Third Punic War. Write a letter to a loved
one explaining the history of the wars, your role in it, and
how you feel about the outcome.
 Present to the class.
Rise of Rome Quiz
1. What is the government called when
citizens choose representatives? 1. Republic
2. What was Rome’s first code of laws? 2. Twelve Tables
3. Who was the Carthaginian general?
4. Which group of people were great 3. Hannibal
landowners and part of the ruling
class? 4. Patricians
5. Romans excelled in all the following 5. C. Pure Democracy
except
A. Military Matters 6. true
B. Practical Politics
C. Pure Democracy
D. Law
6. True or False: Plebeians gained
political power over time and could
even be elected as consul.
Rise of Rome Quiz Part 2 Honors
7. Who was the Roman General that crossed
the Rubicon and declared himself dictator
for life?
8. Who became the imperator of Rome while
proclaiming to restore the Republic?
9. What was the long period of peace that
began with the first emperor called?
From Republic to Empire
End of the Republic
 Expansion brought
riches but led to
slave and allied
revolts
 Read pages 156 and
157.
 What happened
to Tiberius and
Gaius Gracchus?
Why?
 Describe the new
role of the
Roman Army.
 What did Lucius
Cornelius Sulla
do?
End of the Republic
 Following the Punic Wars as Rome’s territory
expanded the stability of the Republic declined
 Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus were the first to attempt
reform
 These wealthy aristocrats tried to help the small

farmer
 They were both killed by fellow members of the

Senate
 Generals like Cornelius Sulla set a standard for using
the military to enforce their political power.
From Republic to Empire
End of the Republic: Julius Caesar
 Great Roman general that
conquered Gaul
 marched his army across
the Rubicon River into
Rome.
 defeated Pompey and
Crassus, the other
members of the Triumvirate
and declared himself
dictator.
 Triumvirate= three
people with equal power
 He was Rome’s first true
dictator, or ruler with
absolute power that is not a
Monarch
 March 15, 44 BC he was
assassinated in the Senate.
Rome under Julius Caesar
Honors: Caesar’s Funeral
1. Answer questions in the Reading Review.
2. Make a list of two or three words from each
document that you do not know and define.
3. What kind of documents are these?
4. Who are the speakers?
5. Who is the audience for each document?
6. What other information do you need to
better understand these documents?
From Republic to Empire
End of the Republic
 The Second Triumvirate
plunges Rome into Civil
War again!
 Octavian =
Grandnephew,
Antony = Caesar’s
Assistant, Lepidus =
Commander of
Cavalry
 Answer the following
questions:
 Who is Cleopatra?
 Who became the
first emperor of
Rome?
 How did he
accomplish this?
Cleopatra’s Suicide
From Republic to Empire
Roman Peace (Pax Romana)
 Octavian Augustus ruled with
absolute power and began the Pax
Romana
 His successors included good and
bad emperors
 It was a 200 year period of peace
and prosperity to Roman Empire
from Euphrates River to Britain.
 Legions maintained roads and navy
protected seas encouraging free
trade
 Cultural diffusion: thoughts,
customs, and ideas spread
throughout the empire.
Roman Emperors
See chart in Guided Reading

 Caligula was believed to be a little crazy.


Legend has it he appointed his horse as
consul.
 Nero blamed Christians for starting the fire
that burned Rome and committed suicide.
 Hadrian had a wall built across Britain to
keep the citizens safe from the “barbarians”
to the north.
 Marcus Aurelius is the emperor highlighted
in the Gladiator. He was the last emperor or
the Pax Romana and was known for his
interest in philosophy.
5:1 Answers
1. On the Tiber River that could easily be crossed and had an
outlet to the sea, inland so safe from pirates, on seven hills for
defense.
2. Etruscans built the city, Toga, organization of the Roman
army.
3. Leader of the Republic is not a monarch and certain citizens
have the right to vote.
4. The Romans were good diplomats, firm, excellent soldiers and
persistent, practical in law.
5. Patricians and Plebeians
6. Patricians were great landowners while plebeians were less
wealthy landholders, craftspeople, and farmers.
7. The Romans sent an army to Sicily, which Carthage claimed
as part of their empire.
8. Carthage, Macedonia, and Greece.
5:2 Answers
1. False: Roman State
2. True
3. False: 3 people have power
4. False: Queen Cleopatra VII
5. False: Age of Augustus
6. True
7. False: 5,000 troops
8. False: first four came from his family
9. True
10. True
11. False: Latin
Notebook Check
 Rome KWL
 Page 154 # 1-6 (not 3)
 Page 162 # 1-6 (not 3) Honors
 Rise of Rome Notes
 Rise of Rome (Land and People, Roman Republic,
Citizenship and Society, Roman State, Expansion)
 3-2-1, Social Hierarchy, Punic Wars Activity

 From Republic to Empire (End of Republic, Pax Romana)


 5:1 Quiz
 5:1-2 Worksheet
 Fall of Republic Acrostic

You might also like